Minireviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Stem Cells. Jul 26, 2020; 12(7): 612-620
Published online Jul 26, 2020. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i7.612
Table 1 Adipose-derived stem cell-based therapy for secondary lymphedema in animals
YearRef.Animal numberEdema siteLymphoedema modelingADSC originCell doseInjection methodAuxiliary treatmentValuation criteriaResult(s)
2011Hwang et al[43]n = 5 (5 groups)HindlimbCircumferential incisionHumanNMInjected subcutaneously at the site of the damaged lymphatic vesselsVEGF-C hydrogel (A VEGF-C hydrogel sheet was applied to the injection site and was sutured into the injured dermal junction)(1) Circumference; and (2) IHC staining (LYVE-1, PKH-26)(1) A significant decrease in dermal edema at 3-4 wk; and (2) Significant lymphatic vessel regeneration
2012Shimizu et al[44]n = 12 (3 groups)TailCircumferential incisionAllogeneic2 × 106Injected at two different points of the lymphedematous skin flapNCircumferenceA decrease in lymphedema
2015Ackermann et al[45]n = 10 (3 groups)TailCircumferential incisionAllogeneicNMNMN(1) Circumference; (2) IHC staining (LYV-1); and (3) Real-time laser Doppler imaging for wound perfusion(1) ADSCs affected lymphangiogenesis and lymphedema development; and (2) PRP affected more significantly than ADSCs
2015Yoshida et al[42]n = 20 (5 groups)HindlimbCircumferential incisionAllogeneic1 × 104; 1 × 15; 1 × 106NMN(1) Circumference; and (2) IHC (LYVE, VEGF-C,VEGFR, EGFP)The number of lymphatic vessels significantly increased at 2 wk, which was dose-dependent of implanted ADSCs
2017Hayashida et al[41]n = 5 (4 groups)HindlimbCircumferential incisionAllogeneic1 × 106Injected subcutaneously at proximal and distal limbN(1) Hind-paw edema volume; and (2) IHC (LYVE-1, VEGF-C)Increased the number of lymphatic vessels; induced the lymphatic flow drainage to the circulatory system
Table 2 Adipose-derived stem cells-based therapy for secondary lymphedema in human
YearRef.Study typePatient numberEdema siteEtiologyADSC originCell doseInjection methodAuxiliary treatmentValuation criteriaResult(s)Follow-up
2015Peña Quián et al[46]Case report1Lower limbRecurrent lymphangitisAutologous1-2.2 × 109NMNLymphoscintigraphyThe presence of new lymphatic ramifications and a greater number of lymph nodes6 mo
2016Toyserkani et al[47]Nonramdomized clinical trial1Upper limbBCRLAutologous4.07 × 107Injected at 8 different points of axillaFat grafting (10 mL)(1) Circumference; (2) DXA scans; and (3) Discomfort (infection, pain, and swelling)(1) A reduction in volume; (2) Relief of symptoms (heaviness and tension); (3) A reduction of compression therapy; and (4) No complication1 and 4 mo
2017Toyserkanl et al[48]Nonramdomized clinical trial10Upper limbBCRLAutologous5 × 107Injected at 8 different points of axillaFat grafting (28 mL)(1) Volume assessment; (2) DXA scans; and (3) Discomfort (redness, swelling, itching, pain, and infection)No significant reduction in volume; reduction of conservative managements (50%); reduction of symptoms1, 3, 6, and 12 mo
2019Toyserkanl et al[49]Nonramdomized clinical trial10Upper limbBCRLAutologous5 × 107Injected at 8 different points of axillaFat grafting (30 mL)(1)Volume assessment; (2) DXA scans; and (3) Discomfort (redness, swelling, itching, pain, and infection)No significant reduction in volume; reduction of conservative managements (50%)1, 3, 6, and 12 mo