Adipose stromal/stem cells in regenerative medicine: Potentials and limitations

Table 1 Differences of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell niche, cell subpopulations, mesenchymal stromal/stem cell surface in vitro markers and multipotentiality between bone marrow and adipose tissue

Tissue	MSC niche	Cell subpopulations	MSC in vitro surface markers	Multipotentiality
Bone marrow	Subendosteal and vascular	Osteoblasts, Endothelial progenitor and mature cells, Macrophages, MSCs	Positive: CD44, CD71, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD120a and	Adipogenic, Chondrogenic, and Osteogenic. Pre-committed into osteogenic lineage.
		Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, lymphocytes, megakaryocytes, erythrocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils	CD124
			Negative: CD14, CD34 and CD45
Adipose tissue	Vascular	Adipocytes	Positive: CD13, CD29,	Adipogenic, Chondrogenic, and Osteogenic. Pre-committed into adipogenic lineage.
			CD44, CD73, CD34, CD36, CD90 and CD105
		SVF: Pre-adipocytes, endothelial progenitor and mature cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, MSCs	Negative: CD31, CD45, CD235a and CD106

MSCs: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells; SVF: Stromal-vascular fraction.