Application of dental stem cells in three-dimensional tissue regeneration

Figure 1 Schematic illustration of dental stem cells in three-dimensional tissue regeneration. A: Five different types of dental stem cells are harvested during different tooth developmental stages; B: Dental stem cells are incorporated with various forms of three-dimensional (3D) biomaterials (microspheres, hydrogels, or 3D printed scaffolds) to generate 3D engineered tissue; C: Dental stem cells are induced to differentiate into different types of tissue, such as teeth, neurons, bone, blood vessels and cartilage.