Dental stem cells: The role of biomaterials and scaffolds in developing novel therapeutic strategies

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of different sources where dental stem cells can be isolated. Various subpopulations of dental stem cells (DSCs) can be classified according to their tissue of origin. DSCs can be derived from the dental pulp stem cells, exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, dental follicle, apical papilla, and gingival tissue.

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of seeding dental stem cells on the hybrid scaffold, differentiation capability, and potential clinical applications for the regeneration of different tissues. DSCs: Dental stem cells.

Figure 3 Schematic overview of the optimal biomimetic environment for application in tissue engineering. Stem cells require appropriate scaffold materials as well as biomolecules and growth factors to achieve optimal therapeutic effects.