Mass acquisition of human periodontal ligament stem cells

Figure 1 Cell-related therapies for periodontal regeneration. The regenerative treatments of periodontal defects performed using cell-related therapy are illustrated, which include the transplantation of stem cells, gene or noncoding RNA modified cells, application of conditioned medium or exosome from cell culture, and direct gene transfection to the lesion. PDLSC: Periodontal ligament stem cell; SC: Stem cell; ncRNA: noncoding RNA.

Figure 2 Acquisition of a large number of periodontal ligament stem cells. The illustration shows that the reprogramming of periodontal ligament cells with semaphorin 3A or mesoderm-specific transcript, or differentiation induction of induced pluripotent stem cells to human periodontal ligament stem cell lineage are promising to acquire a large number of periodontal ligament stem cells. iPS cells: Induced pluripotent stem cells; PDLSCs: Periodontal ligament stem cells. Sema3a: Semaphorin 3A; MEST: Mesoderm-specific transcript.