Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into various tissue cell types including bone, adipose, cartilage, and muscle. Among those, osteogenic differentiation of MSCs has been widely explored in many bone tissue engineering studies. Moreover, the conditions and methods of inducing osteogenic differentiation of MSCs are continuously advancing. Recently, with the gradual recognition of adipokines, the research on their involvement in different pathophysiological processes of the body is also deepening including lipid metabolism, inflammation, immune regulation, energy disorders, and bone homeostasis. At the same time, the role of adipokines in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs has been gradually described more completely. Therefore, this paper reviewed the evidence of the role of adipokines in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, emphasizing bone formation and bone regeneration.

• Mesenchymal stem cells
• Adipokines
• Adipose tissue
• Osteogenic differentiation
• Osteogenesis
• Bone regeneration

• Anorexigenic
• Gut-brain axis
• HPA-axis
• Obesity
• Psychosomatic
• Trier Social Stress Test

We previously described that different concentration Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2)/Nesfatin-1 gradients differently regulated visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. Therefore, this study is aimed at evaluating the effect of NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 on model rats with chronic visceral hyperalgesia.

Neonatal and mature Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the healthy control and chronic visceral hyperalgesia model groups. The model was built by combining maternal separation with the acetic acid enema. The models were identified by the distension volume threshold to reach abdominal withdraw reflex (AWR) score = 3, histological staining, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) detection. The visceral sensitivity to chronic visceral hyperalgesia was then evaluated.

Rats in the model group responded more strongly to pulling stimulation than healthy controls; the distension volume threshold causing AWR3 response in model rats was lower than the control group before NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 intervention. After intervention, the distension volume threshold was significantly lower in the NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 central intervention group than in the NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 peripheral intervention group, and the peak value of external oblique muscle electrical activity was significantly higher. Additionally, compared with the male intervention group, in the female intervention group, the volume threshold was significantly lower and the peak value was higher.

NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 could regulate visceral sensitivity in chronic visceral hyperalgesia model rats; its regulatory effect correlated with the type of NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 intervention approaches (central or peripheral) and sex (male or female).

• GPCR12
• cortisol
• nesfatin-1
• nucleobindin-2
• stress

• Cardiovascular diseases
• Fat accumulation
• Lipid metabolism
• Metabolic syndrome
• Nesfatin-1
• Obesity

• cognitive dysfunction
• inflammatoryresponse
• nesfatin-1
• sTREM1/2
• type 2 diabetes mellitus

• National Natural Science Foundation of China

Nesfatin-1, a newly identified energy-regulating peptide, is widely expressed in the central and peripheral tissues, and has a variety of physiological activities. A large number of recent studies have shown that nesfatin-1 exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties and is involved in the occurrence and progression of various diseases. This review summarizes current data focusing on the therapeutic effects of nesfatin-1 under different pathophysiological conditions and the mechanisms underlying its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.

• anorexigenic
• anti-apoptotic
• anti-inflammatory
• antioxidant
• nesfatin-1

• NUCB2
• glioblastoma
• invasion
• prognosis
• proliferation

Publicly available genome data provides valuable information on the genetic variation patterns across different modern human populations. Neuropeptide genes are crucial to the nervous, immune, endocrine system, and physiological homeostasis as they play an essential role in communicating information in neuronal functions. It remains unclear how evolutionary forces, such as natural selection and random genetic drift, have affected neuropeptide genes among human populations. To date, there are over 100 known human neuropeptides from the over 1000 predicted peptides encoded in the genome. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explore the genetic variation in continental human populations across all known neuropeptide genes by examining highly differentiated SNPs between African and non-African populations.

We identified a total of 644,225 SNPs in 131 neuropeptide genes in 6 worldwide population groups from a public database. Of these, 5163 SNPs that had ΔDAF |(African - non-African)| ≥ 0.20 were identified and fully annotated. A total of 20 outlier SNPs that included 19 missense SNPs with a moderate impact and one stop lost SNP with high impact, were identified in 16 neuropeptide genes. Our results indicate that an overall strong population differentiation was observed in the non-African populations that had a higher derived allele frequency for 15/20 of those SNPs. Highly differentiated SNPs in four genes were particularly striking: NPPA (rs5065) with high impact stop lost variant; CHGB (rs6085324, rs236150, rs236152, rs742710 and rs742711) with multiple moderate impact missense variants; IGF2 (rs10770125) and INS (rs3842753) with moderate impact missense variants that are in linkage disequilibrium. Phenotype and disease associations of these differentiated SNPs indicated their association with hypertension and diabetes and highlighted the pleiotropic effects of these neuropeptides and their role in maintaining physiological homeostasis in humans.

We compiled a list of 131 human neuropeptide genes from multiple databases and literature survey. We detect significant population differentiation in the derived allele frequencies of variants in several neuropeptide genes in African and non-African populations. The results highlights SNPs in these genes that may also contribute to population disparities in prevalence of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.

• Comparative genomics
• Derived allele frequency
• Genetic variation
• Neuropeptide
• Population differentiation

• apelin
• nesfatin
• neuropeptide S
• stomach
• stress

Nesfatin-1 is involved in cardiovascular regulation, stress-related responses. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of volatile anesthetics on Nesfatin-1 levels.

Fourty-two patients aged 30–65 years with the American Society Anesthesiology (ASA) Class I-II who were scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study Patients were randomized into two group; desflurane administered group (Group I, n = 21) and sevoflurane administered group (Group II, n = 21). For anesthesia maintenance, the patients received 6% desflurane or 2% sevoflurane in 40% O2 and 60% air. The patient’s heart rate (HR), mean, systolic and diastolic arterial pressures (MAP, SAP, DAP), peripheral O2 saturation (SpO2) were monitored and recorded before induction, after induction, after intubation, and during extubation. Blood samples were collected before induction (T1), and after extubation when aldrete score was 10 (T2).

Demographic data were similar between the groups. The preoperative levels of nesfatin were similar in the two groups (p = 0.715). In desflurane group, post-operative nesfatin levels were similar compared to preoperative levels (p = 0.073). In sevoflurane group, post-operative nesfatin levels were similar (p = 0.131). The nesfatin levels (postoperative vs preoperative) were similar between the groups (p = 0.900).

In conclusion, this study results suggest that nesfatin-1 levels are not affected by the use of sevoflurane or desflurane in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12617001023347, retrospectively registered on 17 July 2017.

• Desflurane
• Inhaler anesthetic agent
• Laparoscopic abdominal surgery
• Nesfatin-1
• Sevoflurane
• Volatile anesthetics

• Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch
• Cardiometabolic health
• Nesfatin-1
• Type 2 diabetes

• Adult
• Bariatric Surgery
• Biliopancreatic Diversion
• Calcium-Binding Proteins/blood
• Case-Control Studies
• DNA-Binding Proteins/blood
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Nerve Tissue Proteins/blood
• Nucleobindins
• Obesity, Morbid/blood
• Obesity, Morbid/pathology
• Obesity, Morbid/surgery
• Treatment Outcome
• Weight Loss

• CIHR