• U01 DK061731 NIDDK NIH HHS
• U01 AA026979 NIAAA NIH HHS
• P01 CA275740 NCI NIH HHS
• R01 DK129564 NIDDK NIH HHS
• U01 DK130134 NIDDK NIH HHS
• K99 AR082989 NIAMS NIH HHS
• R01 AR073772 NIAMS NIH HHS

• adipokines
• apelin
• chemerin
• leptin
• lipocalcin 2
• nesfatin-1
• osteoporosis
• visfatin

• Animals
• Mice
• Adipokines/metabolism
• Apelin/metabolism
• Lipocalin-2
• Adiponectin/metabolism
• Osteoporosis/drug therapy
• Serpins

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into various tissue cell types including bone, adipose, cartilage, and muscle. Among those, osteogenic differentiation of MSCs has been widely explored in many bone tissue engineering studies. Moreover, the conditions and methods of inducing osteogenic differentiation of MSCs are continuously advancing. Recently, with the gradual recognition of adipokines, the research on their involvement in different pathophysiological processes of the body is also deepening including lipid metabolism, inflammation, immune regulation, energy disorders, and bone homeostasis. At the same time, the role of adipokines in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs has been gradually described more completely. Therefore, this paper reviewed the evidence of the role of adipokines in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, emphasizing bone formation and bone regeneration.

• Mesenchymal stem cells
• Adipokines
• Adipose tissue
• Osteogenic differentiation
• Osteogenesis
• Bone regeneration

Obesity is a growing problem defined as a body mass index of greater than 30 kg/m². It is predicted that by 2030, 48.9% of adults will be classified as obese which expands surgical risk factors to a broad population while increasing healthcare costs at the same time in different socioeconomic groups. This specific population has been widely studied in multiple surgical fields and published studies have shown the implications in each of these fields. The impact of obesity on orthopedic surgical outcomes has been previously reported in several total hip and knee arthroscopy studies, with evidence indicating that obesity is strongly associated with an increased risk of post operative complications together with higher revision rates. In line with increasing interest on the impact of obesity in orthopedics, there has been a similar output of publications in the foot and ankle literature. This review article evaluates several foot and ankle pathologies, their risk factors associated with obesity and subsequent management. It provides an updated, comprehensive analysis of the effects of obesity on foot and ankle surgical outcomes, with the ultimate aim of educating both surgeons and allied health professionals about the risks, benefits, and modifiable factors of operating on obese patients.

• Obesity
• Foot and ankle surgery
• Ankle fracture
• Total ankle replacement
• Achilles tendinopathy
• Hallux valgus

Osteoporosis is a condition in which bone mineral density is reduced due to altered bone microstructure, which results in increased skeletal fragility and incidence of various types of fractures. Adipokines such as chemerin, vaspin, omentin-1 and osteoprotegerin are involved in bone remodeling. The current study was designed to determine the changes in circulating chemerin, vaspin, omentin-1, and osteoprotegerin levels after treatment with oral ibandronate 150 mg in postmenopausal osteoporotic females. The present study enrolled 107 postmenopausal osteoporotic females from a tertiary care hospital in Faisalabad, Pakistan, based on stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixty-six healthy postmenopausal, non-osteoporotic females with no systemic illness were chosen from the general population. The assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) was done using a DEXA scan. Serum levels of chemerin, vaspin, omentin-1 and osteoprotegerin were estimated using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The collected data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Following 6 months of ibandronate treatment, there was a significant decrease of 24.24% (p < .033) in serum chemerin levels, as well as a significant increase in serum vaspin levels 343.32% (p < .001) and osteoprotegerin levels 19.57% (p < .001), with no significant change in omentin-1 levels. Thus, an increase in serum chemerin levels and a decrease in serum vaspin and osteoprotegerin levels could be implicated in osteoporosis.

• OPG
• chemerin
• ibandronate
• omentin-1
• osteoporosis
• vaspin

Chemerin has been suggested to be a risk factor for osteoporosis; however, its relationship with osteoporotic fracture is poorly understood. Herein, we intend to explore the association between serum chemerin and osteoporotic fracture.

A total of 111 elderly women patients diagnosed with osteoporotic fracture were selected as the observation group, and 40 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and biochemical analysis were separately performed to determine body bone mineral density (BMD), chemerin levels, bone turnover markers, and other parameters. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to examine a relationship between chemerin and laboratory parameters. Moreover, the levels of chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR), C-C motif chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2), collagen type I alpha (COLA1), and runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the effect of chemerin on osteogenic differentiation of hFOB1.19 cells was indicated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase double staining.

A higher level of chemerin was generally detected in patients with osteoporotic fracture compared with those without (P<0.05). Compared with controls, lower BMD levels and higher β-CTx and P1NP levels were detected in patients with osteoporotic fracture (all P<0.05). Interestingly, chemerin level was negatively correlated to BMD, but positively related to P1NP and β-CTx. Risk of osteoporotic fracture was 2.75-fold higher in subjects with each standard deviation increment of chemerin. Compared with controls, there were no significant differences in CMKLR1 and CCRL2 mRNA after incubation with osteogenic differentiation medium (all P>0.05), whereas there was a remarkable decrease of COLA1 and RUNX2 after incubation with chemerin for nine days (all P<0.05). Furthermore, prolonged incubation with chemerin enhanced osteoclast differentiation and maturation, consequently contributing to an increased risk of fracture.

Chemerin is a strong and independent risk factor for osteoporosis-related fracture among elderly Chinese women.

• chemerin
• elderly women
• osteoporotic fracture
• risk factor

Objective: To evaluate the bone response to an 8 month aerobic gymnastics training program in young opioid-addicted women. Design: Randomized controlled trial (parallel design). Setting: Women’s Specific Drug Rehabilitation Center in China. Patients: One hundred and two young women with low bone quality and previous opioid addiction were divided into two groups: (a) the low bone quality intervention experimental group (n = 55; age: 30.3 ± 6.1) and (b) the low bone quality observed control group (observation group; n = 47; age: 29.0 ± 5.3). Interventions: The intervention group took aerobic gymnastics regularly for 80 min/d and 5 d/wk for 8 months and completed follow-up testing. Main Outcome Measures: Substance use history and other life habits affecting bone quality were assessed by questionnaire-based interviews. Bone quality (stiffness-index, T-score, Z-score) was examined with quantitative ultrasound. Anthropometric characteristics (body weight, fat-free mass, fat mass) were obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: After the 8 month intervention, the stiffness index of bone quality increased significantly (before: 82 ± 6, after: 108 ± 14, p < 0.05) in the experimental group. However, the bone quality did not change significantly in the controls (before: 79 ± 10, after: 77 ± 13, p > 0.05). The bone change in the difference group was significant (experimental group: 31.7% vs observation group: -0.03%). Fat mass decreased in the experimental group (experimental group: before: 19.6 ± 3.7 kg, after: 18.8 ± 4.0 kg, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the change in fat-free mass was the determination of the change in bone quality in the experimental group. Conclusions: Our results suggested that aerobic gymnastics intervention can be an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of drug-induced osteoporosis in detoxification addicts.

• body composition
• bone quality
• drug abuse
• exercise intervention

• Adult
• Analgesics, Opioid
• Body Weight
• Bone and Bones
• Exercise
• Exercise Therapy
• Female
• Humans
• Young Adult

Background: Chemerin is an adipokine and a chemoattractant for leukocytes. Increased chemerin levels were observed in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated associations between chemerin and biochemical measurements or body composition in CAD patients. Methods: In the study, we included patients with stable CAD who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the past. All patients had routine blood tests, and their insulin and chemerin serum levels were routinely measured. Body composition was assessed with the DEXA method. Results: The study group comprised 163 patients (mean age 59.8 ± years, 26% of females, n = 43). There was no significant difference in serum chemerin concentrations between patients with diabetes and the remaining ones: 306.8 ± 121 vs. 274.15 ± 109 pg/mL, p = 0.1. Chemerin correlated positively with the white blood cell (WBC) count, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, hsCRP, all fractions of cholesterol, triglycerides, platelet count, fasting insulin, and c-peptide. Chemerin levels were also correlated with total fat mass but only in a subgroup with normal glucose metabolism. Conclusion: In patients with CAD, serum chemerin levels are correlated with inflammation markers, insulin resistance, and an unfavorable lipid profile. Correlation with fat mass is dependent on glucose metabolism status. Depending on the presence of diabetes/prediabetes, the mechanisms regulating chemerin secretion may be different.

• body composition
• chemerin
• coronary artery disease
• insulin resistance
• neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio
• white blood cells count

• Aged
• Blood Glucose/metabolism
• Blood Platelets/metabolism
• Blood Platelets/pathology
• Body Composition
• C-Peptide/blood
• C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
• Chemokines/blood
• Chemokines/genetics
• Cholesterol, HDL/blood
• Cholesterol, LDL/blood
• Coronary Artery Disease/blood
• Coronary Artery Disease/genetics
• Coronary Artery Disease/pathology
• Coronary Artery Disease/therapy
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
• Female
• Humans
• Inflammation
• Insulin/blood
• Insulin Resistance
• Lymphocytes/metabolism
• Lymphocytes/pathology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neutrophils/metabolism
• Neutrophils/pathology
• Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
• Pilot Projects
• Triglycerides/blood

• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Bone Density/drug effects
• Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use
• Data Management
• Obesity/epidemiology
• Obesity/metabolism
• Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy
• Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/metabolism

• CIHR