修回日期: 2006-07-16
接受日期: 2006-07-31
在线出版日期: 2006-09-18
目的: 探讨柴芍承气汤加味银杏叶对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)肺损伤的防治作用及其机制.
方法: SAP患者65例分为中药组(n = 35)和对照组(n = 30). 分别观察2组患者低氧血症发生情况, 腹痛缓解时间、肠鸣恢复时间、局部并发症及病死率, 治疗72 h后血中炎症介质血小板活化因子(PAF)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-a)、白介素-1(IL-1)的水平变化, 并再次行上腹部螺旋CT扫描评估胰腺炎症进展情况.
结果: 中药组与对照组低氧血症的发生率分别为45.71%, 73.33% (P<0.05); ARDS分别为8.57%, 30% (P<0.05); 治疗72 h后中药组血中PAF (4.45±1.25 vs 2.83±1.64 mg/L, P<0.01), TNF-a (32.96±4.33 vs 27.82±5.26 ng/L, P<0.01), IL-1 (3.46±1.07 vs 2.51±0.52 ng/L, P<0.01)水平明显下降, 而对照组血中PAF, TNF-a, IL-1水平无变化; 中药组腹痛缓解时间、肠鸣恢复时间、CT扫描显示胰腺炎程度进展的比例明显低于对照组(P<0.05); 2组局部并发症的发生率分别为2.86%, 13.33%, 病死率分别为0, 10%.
结论: 柴芍承气汤加味银杏叶对SAP肺损伤有防治作用, 抑制PAF, TNF-a, IL-1等炎症介质可能是该汤剂防治肺损伤的重要机制.
引文著录: 王国品, 滕晓琨, 杨莉, 徐肇敏, 黄晓丽, 王平, 曾皓明. 加味柴芍承气汤对重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤的作用. 世界华人消化杂志 2006; 14(26): 2636-2639
Revised: July 16, 2006
Accepted: July 31, 2006
Published online: September 18, 2006
AIM: To explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of Chaishao Chengqi decoction (CCD) with ginkgo biloba leaf (GBL) on the lung injury induced by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
METHODS: A total of 65 SAP patients were divided into group A (n = 35) and B (n = 30). Besides internal treatment, the patients in group A also received CCD plus GBL. The occurrence of hypoxemia, duration of abdominal pain-relief, recovering time of borborygmus, local complications, and mortality rate as well as the level changes of serum platelet-activating factor (PAF), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) 72 h after treatment were observed, respectively. Upper abdominal spiral CT scanning was used to evaluate the degrees of severe acute pancreatitis.
RESULTS: The incidence rates of hypoxemia and acute respiratory distress syndrome were significantly lower group A than those in group B (45.71% vs 73.33%, P < 0.05; 8.57% vs 30%, P < 0.05). The serum levels of inflammatory factors dropped markedly in group A 72 h after treatment (PAF: 4.45 ± 1.25 → 2.83 ± 1.64 mg/L, P < 0.01; TNF-a: 32.96 ± 4.33 → 27.82 ± 5.26 ng/L, P < 0.01; IL-1: 3.46 ± 1.07 → 2.51 ± 0.52 ng/L, P < 0.01), but they had no changes in group B. The duration of abdominal pain-relief, recovering time of borborygmus and progressive proportion of pancreatic inflammation were decreased in group A as compared with those in group B (P < 0.05). The rates mortality and local complications were 0 and 2.86% in group A, and 10% and 13.33% in group B, respectively.
CONCLUSION: CCD plus GBL has preventive and therapeutic action on the SAP-induced lung injury, and the mechanism is probably related to its inhibition on the secretion of inflammatory mediators.
- Citation: Wang GP, Teng XK, Yang L, Xu ZM, Huang XL, Wang P, Zeng HM. Effects of Chaishao Chengqi decoction with ginkgo biloba leaf on lung injury induced by severe acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14(26): 2636-2639
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v14/i26/2636.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v14.i26.2636
重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)是一种预后凶险的危重症, 其病死率为20%-30%[1], 如果并发器官功能不全则病死率增加到50%以上. 肺是SAP时最常受累的胰外器官, 肺损伤亦是SAP最严重的并发症之一. SAP并发肺损伤高达40%-70%, SAP发病1 wk内死亡者, 约50%系并发肺损伤所致[2]. 我科自2003-06以来, 在柴芍承气汤中添加银杏叶组成(加味)柴芍承气汤, 用以治疗SAP, 显示该汤剂对SAP肺损伤有较好的防治作用.
2003-06以来用柴芍承气汤加味银杏叶治疗SAP 35例, 男19例, 女16例. 年龄24-91(平均60)岁; 将2003-06以前按顺序排列的30例未用中药治疗的SAP患者列为对照组, 男16例, 女14例. 年龄21-79(平均57)岁. SAP诊断[3]: 患者符合急性胰腺炎(AP)的临床诊断, 同时具备: Ranson标准≥3项, Balthazar CT分级D, E级. 2组患者在年龄、性别、Ranson评分及CT分级等方面均无显著差异. 急性肺损伤的临床诊断: SAP患者出现胸闷、呼吸频率增快(>28次/min); 血气分析出现低氧血症: 动脉氧分压(PaO2)<80 mmHg, PaO2/FiO2≤300. 当PaO2<60 mmHg, PaO2/FiO2≤200时, 临床诊断ARDS. 其中, 吸入氧浓度(FiO2) = 21%+氧流量×4%.
所有患者的内科基本治疗相同, 包括密切的临床监护、补充水及电解质、抗生素、抑制胰酶活性药物、生长抑素等. 中药组一旦确诊即予柴芍承气汤加味银杏叶. 组方: 银杏叶15 g, 柴胡10 g, 白芍10 g, 黄芩10 g, 厚朴10 g, 枳实10 g, 木香10 g(后下), 生大黄15 g(后下), 玄明粉10 g(冲入煎好的药液中). 每剂煎成100-150 mL, 自鼻胃管内注入或口服, 每日2-3次, 直至患者腹痛缓解、腹胀基本消失、肠鸣恢复为止. 密切观察患者的临床表现, 有无呼吸频率增快、胸闷、紫绀等, 分别监测与记录2组患者的PaO2, SaO2, 局部并发症情况(胰周液体积聚、胰腺坏死、假性囊肿或脓肿)及病死率. 入院72 h均再次行上腹部螺旋CT扫描评估胰腺炎症进展情况(按Balthazar CT分级系统[4]). 确诊后予中药治疗72 h后, 分别检测2组患者血中血小板活化因子(PAF)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-a)、白介素-1(IL-1)水平. PAF检测试剂盒由美国TPI公司提供, TNF-a, IL-1检测试剂盒购自Bender MedSytems公司. 采用ELISA法检测, 空白吸光度分别为0.018, 0.059, 0.06, 测定波长450 nm.
统计学处理 使用SPSS 11.5软件包, 计量资料用mean±SD表示, 组间比较用t检验, 以P<0.05为差异有显著性.
对照组30例中22例(73.33%)出现低氧血症, 其中PaO2/FiO2≤200, PaO2<60 mmHg临床诊断为ARDS 9例(30.00%); 中药组35例中16例(45.71%)出现低氧血症, 其中PaO2/FiO2≤200, PaO2<60 mmHg 3例(8.57%) (表1).
中药组治疗72 h后血清中PAF, TNF-a, IL-1水平明显下降, 而对照组变化不明显(表2).
中药组与对照组比较, 腹痛缓解时间分别为5.8±3.7, 9.1±3.8 d (P<0.05); 肠鸣恢复时间分别为2.2±1.1, 5.6±2.8 d (P<0.05); 治疗72 h后CT扫描显示胰腺炎症进展分别为60%, 83.33% (P<0.05); 局部并发症发生率分别为2.86%, 13.33%; 病死率分别为0, 10%.
近年来的研究表明, SAP时大量炎症介质和细胞因子介导的全身性炎症反应综合征(SIRS)以及微循环障碍是引起胰外器官损伤的关键环节. 甚至导致多器官功能障碍(MOD)和死亡[5]. 在肺损伤尤其是ARDS的发病中, 炎症介质起着关键作用[6]. 目前已知, PAF在介导SIRS和导致MOD中起重要作用[7], 在SAP模型中发现, 局部肺组织中PAF积聚几乎与肺损伤同时出现, 引起肺血管通透性增加和组织水肿[8]. 而PAF拮抗剂能使SAP患者的器官衰竭减轻, 死亡率显著降低[8-9]. 这些都说明PAF与SAP肺损伤密切相关; IL-1, IL-6, IL-8等能刺激细胞间黏附分子(ICAM-1)在肺的表达增加, 引起血管内皮通透性增高和刺激多形核白细胞弹性蛋白酶释放, 是引起组织损伤的重要原因之一[10]; IL-6水平与AP的严重程度和并发症的发生率呈正相关[11-12]; IL-8不但介导组织损伤. 尚能破坏血管内皮的完整性, 增加其通透性. 用抗IL-8 mAb治疗后, SAP模型血清IL-8水平下调, 肺组织中性粒细胞的渗出明显减少, 肺损伤减轻[13]. 在SAP早期不仅血中, 且肺组织中TNF-α的表达也明显升高[14], 肺组织中TNF-α的基因表达增加与肺损伤的逐渐加重是平行的[15].
临床观察已表明以柴胡、白芍、生大黄、厚朴、枳实等组方的柴芍承气汤对SAP及其并发症有较好的治疗作用[16]. 本结果显示, 中药组治疗72 h再次CT扫描显示胰腺炎严重程度进展的比例明显少于对照组, 低氧血症的发生率以及发生ARDS的比例明显低于对照组, 表明该汤剂对SAP肺损伤有较好地防治作用. 分析其机制可能与下列作用有关: (1)促进毒素排出, 防止毒素及细菌移位: 柴胡、枳实、厚朴、玄明粉等能促进小肠蠕动, 生大黄能有效促进结肠蠕动与收缩排空[17]. 本结果中药组腹痛、腹胀等症状缓解时间明显短于对照组; (2)抗菌作用: 大黄的有效成分及柴胡均有抗菌作用, 从而减少肠菌移位; (3)生大黄能抑制胰酶分泌与活性, 降低血浆PLA2水平, 以及抑制血管通透性, 保护肠黏膜作用; (4)减轻内毒素血症: 该汤剂一方面通过促进肠道排泄减少内毒素吸收, 另一方面, 中药大黄能明显降低SAP器官功能不全患者血中内毒素含量[18], 内毒素是内皮素(ET)最强烈的刺激物, 而ET是迄今发现的最强烈的血管收缩因子. 我们最近的研究表明ET与SAP肺损伤密切相关[19], 因此, 大黄既然能显著降低SAP时血浆内毒素水平, 就应该对并发的肺损伤有保护作用; (4)抑制炎症介质: 大黄能明显降低血中TNF-a, IL-1水平, 对SAP并发ARDS有效[18]. 银杏叶内所含银杏内酯, 具有拮抗PAF作用[20]. 本研究中, 中药治疗72 h后, 血液中PAF, TNF-a, IL-1水平显著降低, 而对照组则无明显变化. 因此, 我们认为, 抑制炎症介质可能是该汤剂防治SAP肺损伤的重要机制.
肺是SAP时最常受累的胰外器官, 肺损伤亦是SAP最严重的并发症之一. SAP并发肺损伤高达40%-70%, SAP发病1 wk内死亡者, 约50%系并发肺损伤所致.
国内有柴芍承气汤治疗SAP的临床报道, 本研究则重点探讨了柴芍承气汤加味银杏叶对SAP肺损伤的防治作用及其作用机制, 提出防止毒素及细菌移位、抑制炎症介质是该汤剂防治肺损伤的主要机制.
本文结果显示, 该汤剂对SAP及其肺损伤有较好的防治作用. SAP患者如PaO2/FiO2≤300, 出现肠麻痹, 或有较高的Ranson评分, 应尽早加用该汤剂治疗.
本文研究了柴芍承气汤对重症急性胰腺炎的治疗作用, 具有一定的科学性和创新性, 对发展我国中医中药, 中西医结合治疗内科危重症具有一定的临床指导意义.
电编:张敏 编辑:王晓瑜
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