修回日期: 2002-11-15
接受日期: 2002-11-28
在线出版日期: 2003-04-15
HBeAg被认为与HBV引起免疫耐受、免疫系统功能障碍有关. 筛选并克隆人肝细胞cDNA文库中与乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)相互作用蛋白的基因, 明确其具体作用机制.
应用酵母双杂交系统3, 将多聚酶链反应(PCR)法扩增的HBeAg基因连接入酵母表达载体pGBKT7中构建诱饵质粒, 转化酵母细胞AH109并在其内表达, 然后与转化了人肝cDNA文库质粒pACT2的酵母细胞Y187进行配合, 在营养缺陷型培养基和X-α-半乳糖(X-α-gal)上进行双重筛选阳性菌落, 提取阳性酵母菌落的质粒转化大肠杆菌, 接种在氨苄青霉素-LB平板上选择并测序, 结果在GenBank中进行生物信息学分析.
成功克隆出HBeAg基因并在酵母细胞中表达, 与肝cDNA文库配合后选出既能在四缺(SD/-Trp-Leu-Ade-His)培养基又能在铺有X-α-gal的四缺培养基上生长, 并变成蓝色的真阳性菌落39个, 其中有5个未知基因, 3个含金属硫蛋白2A基因的菌落, 8个补体8α基因, 1个补体因子H, 1个补体1q, 1个维甲酸受体应答元件2基因、2个细胞色素b基因、3个铁蛋白轻链, 2个NAD(P)H脱氢酶亚基, 1个3-羟基类固醇表位酶, 1个3-羟基, 3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A合成酶, 1个双-特异性酪氨酸-γ-磷酸化调节激酶1A转录子突变体, 1个Syndecans-1, 3个2胺氧化酶, 4个醛缩酶B, 1个CD81, 1个ATP合成酶6基因.
成功克隆出乙型肝炎病毒e抗原的结合蛋白, 为进一步研究HBeAg在病毒装配、分泌、影响宿主免疫系统功能等方面的具体作用提供了新线索.
引文著录: 陆荫英, 王琳, 李克, 刘妍, 成军, 张玲霞. HBeAg肝细胞结合蛋白基因的筛选与克隆. 世界华人消化杂志 2003; 11(4): 422-425
Revised: November 15, 2002
Accepted: November 28, 2002
Published online: April 15, 2003
To screen hepatic proteins interacting with hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) with yeast-two hybrid technique for investigating the function of HBeAg protein.
HBeAg bait plasmid was constructed by ligating the HBeAg gene with plasmid pGBKT7, then transformed into yeast α-AH109. The transformed yeast cells were amplified and mated with yeast cells α-Y187 containing liver cDNA library plasmid pCAT2 in 2×YPDA medium. Diploid yeast cells were plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) and synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) containing x-α-gal for selecting twice and screening. After extracting plasmid from blue colonies, plasmid was transformed into competence E.coli and analyzed by DNA sequencing. Twenty genes were obtained from 39 positive colonies, which included five new genes.
Twenty genes in thirty nine positive colonies were obtained including three metallothionein 2 A, eight complement component 8 alpha polypeptide, one complement component 1q, one complement factor H, one retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced), two cytochrome b, three D-amino-acid oxidase, three ferritin light polypeptide, two NAD(P)H dehydrogenase b, four aldolase B, one CD81, one syndecan 1, one 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2, one dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A transcript variant 1, one 3-hydroxysteroid epimerase, one ATP synthase 6 and five new genes.
Genes encoding HBeAg interacting proteins in hepatocytes were successfully cloned and the results provided some new clues for studying the biological functions of HBeAg and its associated proteins.
- Citation: Lu YY, Wang L, Li K, Liu Y, Cheng J, Zhang LX. Screening and cloning of gene encoding HBeAg interacting protein in hepatocytes. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11(4): 422-425
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v11/i4/422.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v11.i4.422
乙型肝炎病毒e抗原是核壳蛋白的分泌型, 现普遍认为他是一种免疫耐受因子, 调节免疫发病机制[1]. 研究表明HBeAg可阻断细胞毒性T淋巴细胞, 优先清除对HBcAg特异的Th1细胞, 使免疫应答转换为Th2细胞亚型, 将免疫攻击有感染的肝细胞转移开, 在感染个体引起免疫耐受状态(高水平的病毒血症和对感染细胞免疫反应的抑制), 使HBV逃避免疫清除, 得以在健康携带者中长期存在[2]. 但HBeAg与肝细胞之间的相互作用的机制不清, 此方面的研究较少, 我们认为从寻找HBeAg与肝细胞间的相互作用蛋白入手, 进一步探明具体机制, 可发现一些新的线索[3-8].
AH109酵母菌株(MA Ta, trp1-901, leu2-3, 112, ura3-52, his3-200, gal4△, gal80△, LYS2:: GAL1UAS-GAL1TATA-HIS3, GAL2UAS-GAL2TATA-ADE2URA3:: MEL1TATA-lac Z MEL1)、预转化的cDNA肝文库(Y187)、pGBKT7-BD克隆载体及酵母YPD培养基、SD/-Trp、SD/-Leu, SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His, SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His/-Ade等培养基、X-α-gal购于Clontech公司. 大肠杆菌DH5 α及HBV ayw亚型基因全序列质粒载体pCP10为本室保存, c-myc单克隆抗体本室自制, 由购自ATCC的1-9E10.2杂交瘤产生. 辣根过氧化物酶标记羊抗鼠IgG购于北京中山生物公司. Taq DNA 聚合酶、T4 DNA连接酶、EcoR I和Pst I购于Takara生物公司. 丙烯酰胺、N, N'-亚甲双丙烯酰胺、IPTG及X-β-Gal 及pGEM-T载体购于Promega公司. TEMED购于宝林曼公司. 醋酸锂、半硫酸腺苷购于Sigma公司. HBeAg扩增引物(P1 5'-GAATTC ATGCAACTTTTTCACCTCTG 3', P2 5'-CTGCAG GCCCCAAAGCCACCCAAGGC 3', 合成及DNA测序由上海博亚公司承担.
(1)诱饵质粒的构建及表达: PCR扩增HBeAg基因与pGBKT7载体连接, 酶切鉴定后转化入酵母菌株AH109, 提取酵母蛋白质用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和Western免疫印迹法验证HBeAg在酵母中的表达. (2)诱饵与肝文库的酵母配合: 挑取在SD/-Trp培养基上生长的pGBKT7-HBcAg质粒的酵母AH109菌落1到数个接种于SD/-Trp培养基中, 30 ℃ 250 r.min-1振摇过夜, 次日离心后用2×YPDA培养液5 mL重悬细胞, 计数细胞数>1×1012.L-1时与1 mL的肝文库酵母细胞在50mL 2×YPDA中30 ℃ 30-50 r.min-1配合18-24 h, 离心用1×YPDA 10 mL重悬细胞, 分别取250 mL铺于15 cm的SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His(3缺), SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His/-Ade(4缺)培养基各25块上, 同时将配合产物按1:10、1:100、1:1000铺于SD/-Trp/-Leu培养基上检验配合效率. 生长6-18 d后挑取大于直径3 mm的菌落再次画线于铺有X-α-gal的4缺培养基上检查X-α-gal酶活性, 在此培养基上能生长且变成蓝色的为真阳性菌落. 提取阳性酵母细胞中的质粒, 电穿孔法转化大肠杆菌, 氨苄青霉素平板筛选阳性克隆并测序.
利用自行设计的引物P1\P2成功扩增出HBeAg基因片段, 测序结果显示完全符合报告序列.用EcoR I及Pst I双酶切所得片段, 连接到用相同酶所切的pGBKT7载体中, 经酶切鉴定结果正确(图1). 由此表明HBeAg基因已按正确方向克隆入酵母表达载体pGBKT7中, pGBKT7-HBeAg质粒构建成功. 用醋酸锂法将诱饵质粒转化入酵母AH109株后在SD/-Trp培养基上筛选生长6-8 d, 挑取阳性菌落培养后提取酵母蛋白质, 进行SDS-PAGE和Western免疫印迹分析结果(图2). 结果显示对照无表达, 而转化了pGBKT7-HBeAg的酵母蛋白提取物Western印迹分析可见明显目的条带, 且无杂带, 说明HBeAg基因已成功地在酵母中表达.
配合后筛选出既能在四缺(SD/-Trp-Leu-Ade-His)培养基又能在铺有X-α-半乳糖(X-α-gal)的四缺培养基上均能生长并变成蓝色的真阳性菌落(表1).
同源蛋白质 | 同源性 | 相同克隆数 |
维甲酸受体应答元件3(他佐罗汀诱导) | 100 % | 1 |
醛缩酶B | 100 % | 4 |
NADH脱氢酶β | 99 % | 2 |
补体蛋白H | 100 % | 1 |
补体1q | 99 % | 1 |
补体C8A | 100 % | 8 |
金属硫蛋白2A | 100 % | 3 |
2胺氧化酶 | 99 % | 3 |
细胞色素B | 99 % | 2 |
3-羟基类固醇表位酶 | 99 % | 1 |
铁蛋白轻链 | 100 % | 3 |
未知蛋白 | 99 % | 5 |
CD81 | 100 % | 1 |
3-羟基, 3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A合成酶 | 99 % | 1 |
双-特异性酪氨酸-Y-磷酸化调节激酶1A | 99 % | 1 |
转录子突变体1 | ||
Syndecans-1 | 100 % | 1 |
ATP合成酶6 | 100 % | 1 |
HBeAg作为一种免疫调节因子, 可调节宿主的免疫应答, 抑制宿主T细胞的细胞毒活性, 形成对HBV感染的免疫耐受性[9-13]. HBeAg对病毒复制和装配并非必要, 不是病毒的结构成分, 但却含有病毒的高度保守的体液和细胞抗原靶位, 与HBcAg有部分共同的序列, 有相同的抗原靶位, 当HBeAg发生突变时, 失去血清中HBeAg的调节, 表达HBcAg的肝细胞经受增强的T细胞的细胞毒作用, 导致病情加重[14-16]. 血中抗HBe长期阳性的患者, 发生肝硬化、肝癌的机率较高, 原因不清. HBeAg是否还通过其他途径影响免疫应答, 损害肝细胞的功能, 是否参与肝细胞癌的发生, 如何作用, 是研究HBeAg复杂功能中需要解决的关键点[17].寻找肝细胞中HBeAg的相互作用蛋白, 并进一步探明其机制, 对解答上述问题有着重要意义.
酵母双杂交系统3在增加了报告基因的基础上, 利用a型和α型酵母配合的形成二倍体细胞内, 诱饵质粒与文库质粒所表达的蛋白质可以相互作用的原理, 免去了需要共转染两种质粒所带来的低效率问题, 并将真阳性率提高到95 %, 大大增强了结果的可靠性[18-22].我们应用此技术构建了pGBKT7-HBeAg诱饵表达质粒, 在预转化的人肝cDNA文库中"钓"出与HBeAg有相互作用的蛋白基因39种, 其中34种为已知序列, 5种为未知基因.
在已知序列中, CD81, 又名抗增生抗体识别靶分子-1(TAPA-1), 是一种Mr 26 kD的四跨膜蛋白分子(tetraspanin superfamily, TM4SF)家族中的一员, 有特殊的四次跨膜结构, 在细胞膜上可与CD4、CD8、CD19、CD21、CD82、Leu13、HLA-DR和α3β1整合素等结合, 调节跨膜信号转导, 推测CD81可能是HCV感染靶细胞的受体蛋白[23], 发现HBeAg能与CD81结合, 使CD81的功能变得更复杂. 有报道铁过载可增加HBV所致的肝细胞损害[24], Dimitrijevic et al在HBV肝脏活检标本中发现部分肝细胞中有血铁质和铁蛋白沉积, 且缺少HBV感染特征性的镜面细胞, 说明HBV感染的发病与铁代谢可能有一定的联系; Bayraktar et al [25]发现个体的血清铁含量与IFN治疗效果有密切关系, 在血清铁含量高的HBV患者中, 应用去铁铵联合治疗, 可降低患者血清铁含量, 增加患者对IFN的反应性, 提高治疗效率, 但具体机制不清, 我们发现HBeAg可与铁蛋白相互作用, 为研究铁代谢异常与HBV感染的关系打开了新的突破口. 3-羟化类固醇表位酶有3-甾酮还原酶的活性, 能还原外周组织细胞中的甾酮类, HBeAg与之结合可部分解释HBV感染所引起的激素代谢失常[26]. HBeAg与补体8α、补体因子H和补体1结合, 提示HBeAg能通过补体途径影响免疫系统功能, 为研究HBV免疫损害方面的机制提出了新的思路[27].
维甲酸有抑制生长和细胞分化的活性, 被用来治疗增生过长性疾病, 鳞癣、光化性角化病、某些肿瘤, 他佐罗汀是人工合成的视黄醛, 临床用于治疗鳞癣, Daniel et al用差异显示PCR技术筛选到他佐罗汀诱导基因-3(即维甲酸受体应答元件3), 与II级肿瘤抑制基因H-rev 107同源, 与抑制增生有关, 在多种组织中有表达, 但在肿瘤细胞系和部分原发性肿瘤中表达减少, 推测其可能是一种生长调节因子介导视黄醛的生长抑制效应[28-30]. 有报道在肿瘤蛋白中D-氨基酸含量明显增多, D-氨基酸氧化酶能催化产生过氧化氢H2O2, 在体外诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡[31]. Syndecans是一种细胞外基质, 包括一系列跨膜硫酸(类肝素蛋白多糖)乙酰肝素糖蛋白家族中的基因, 通过与不同的效应器(包括肝素结合生长因子、可溶性基质成分)相互作用来调节细胞活动, Syndecans-1存在于上皮细胞和正常肝细胞中. 在肝炎和肝硬化患者肝细胞的胞质和胞质中、胆管上皮细胞中有表达, 但在原发性肝癌(HCC)患者中Syndecans-1表达减少, 且减少程度与肝癌的恶性程度正相关, 在伴肝内、外转移的患者肝脏中表达缺失, 在两种低分化型肝癌细胞系中Syndecans-1的mRNA和蛋白水平显著降低, 转染Syndecans-1基因能抑制肝癌细胞的浸润性, 表明Syndecans-1的表达水平是HCC具有高度转移趋势的标志, Syndecans-1对HCC来说是重要的转移抑制因子[32-34]. HBeAg能与以上几种物质相互作用, 提示HBeAg在HBV致肝细胞癌的机制方面也起着一定的效应.
以上结果为HBeAg致病性的研究提供了许多很有价值的线索, 但具体、确切的作用原理还需进一步证实和深入探讨, 以获得更加有说服力的证据.
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