Prognostic significance of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in human gastric carcinoma

Table 1 Correlation between clinicopathologic factors and survival time

Variables	Alive more than 5 years n = 106	Died within 5 years n = 47	P value
Gender
Male	76 (71.7)	33 (70.2)	NS
Female	30 (28.3)	14 (29.8)
Age(years)
< 60	28 (26.4)	18 (38.3)	NS
≥ 60	78 (73.6)	29 (61.7)
Location of tumor
Cardia	19 (17.9)	11 (23.4)	NS
Corpus	37 (34.9)	17 (31.9)
Antrum	50 (47.2)	21 (44.7)
Depth of invasion
Mucosa or submucosa	57 (53.8)	6 (12.8)	< 0.01
Muscularis propria	49 (46.2)	41 (87.2)
Histology
Differentiated	41 (38.7)	19 (40.4)	NS
Undifferentiated	65 (61.3)	28 (59.6)
Lymph node metastasis
Present	21 (19.8)	38 (80.9)	< 0.01
Absent	85 (80.2)	9 (19.1)
Vascular invasion
Present	9 (8.5)	26 (55.3)	< 0.01
Absent	97 (91.5)	21 (44.7)
Chemotherapy
Yes	69 (65.1)	20 (42.6)	< 0.05
No	37 (34.9)	27 (57.4)

Note: NS, not significant.

Table 2 Correlation between COX-2 expression and clinicopathologic factors

Variables	n	COX-2 n(%)		P value
		Positive	Negative
Gender
Male	168	30 (17.9)	138 (82.1)	NS
Female	64	12 (18.7)	52 (81.3)	Age(years)
< 60	145	25 (17.2)	120 (82.8)	NS
≥ 60	87	17 (19.5)	70 (80.5)
Location of tumor
Cardia	61	7 (11.5)	54 (88.5)	NS
Corpus	77	19 (24.7)	58 (75.3)
Antrum	94	16 (17.1)	78 (82.9)
Histology
Differentiated	129	7 (5.4)	122 (94.6)	< 0.01
Undifferentiated	103	35 (33.9)	68 (66.1)
Lymph node metastasis
Present	64	2 (3.1)	62 (96.9)	< 0.01
Absent	168	40 (23.8)	128 (76.2)
Vascular invasion
Present	39	2 (5.1)	37 (94.9)	< 0.05
Absent	193	40 (20.7)	153 (79.3)
Depth of invasion
Mucosa or submucosa	94	19 (20.2)	75 (79.8)	NS
Muscularis propria	138	23 (16.7)	115 (83.3)
Noncancerous tissue
CAG	30	23 (76.7)	7 (23.3)	< 0.01
Atypical hyperplasia	30	12 (40.0)	18 (60.0)

Notes: NS, not significant; CAG, chronic atrophic gastritis.

Table 3 Correlation between VEGF, MVD and clinicopathologic factors

Variables	n	VEGF n (%)		MVD
		Positive	P value	¯x ± s	P value
Gender
Male	168	88 (52.4)	NS	22.11 ± 9.14	NS
Female	64	34 (53.1)		24.21 ± 8.85
Tumor size (cm)
< 5 cm	163	87 (53.4)	NS	23.17 ± 9.53	NS
≥ 5 cm	69	35 (50.7)		23.69 ± 8.26
Depth of invasion
Mucosa or submucosa	94	26 (27.7)	< 0.01	18.08 ± 8.32	< 0.01
Muscularis propria	138	96 (69.6)		26.41 ± 8.44
Histology
Differentiated	129	70 (54.3)	NS	23.48 ± 9.01	NS
Undifferentiated	103	52 (50.5)		23.25 ± 9.06
Lymph node metastasis
Present	64	47 (73.4)	< 0.01	28.52 ± 4.39	< 0.01
Absent	168	75 (44.6)		19.73 ± 8.47
Vascular invasion
Present	39	29 (74.4)	< 0.01	28.94 ± 5.03	< 0.01
Absent	193	93 (48.2)		21.67 ± 9.12
Noncancerous tissue
CAG	30	3 (10.0)	NS	10.43 ± 4.22	NS
Atypical hyperplasia	30	5 (16.7)		11.56 ± 6.17

Notes: NS, not significant; CAG, chronic atrophic gastritis

Table 4 Risk factors affecting survival determined by multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model

Variables	Regression coefficient	Standard error	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)	P value
Histology (differentiated/undifferentiated)	0.564	0.337	1.758 (1.583-2.147)	NS
Depth of invasion (EGC/muscularis propria)	0.524	0.248	1.688 (1.638-1.714)	< 0.05
Lymph node metastasis (present/absent)	0.796	0.1934	2.220 (1.518-3.239)	< 0.01
Vascular invasion (present/absent)	0.413	0.213	2.003 (1.499-2.460)	< 0.01
COX-2 expression (positive/negative)	0.776	0.194	2.173 (1.486-3.178)	< 0.01
VEGF expression (positive/negative)	1.071	0.254	2.917 (1.774-4.796)	< 0.01

Note: NS, not significant.