Imbalance between expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in invasiveness and metastasis of human gastric carcinoma

Table 1 MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) and TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1) expression and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric carcinoma

	n	Expressing levels of MMP-9				P value	Expressing levels of TIMP-1			P value
		-	+	++	Positive rate (%)		-	+	Positive rate (%)
(1) Sex
Male	186	61	100	25	67.2	> 0.05	127	59	31.72	> 0.05
Female	70	28	32	10	60		50	20	28.57
(2) Age
Mean		55	58.33	61.36			57.28	58.64
±		±	±	±		> 0.05	±	±		> 0.05
SD		12.19	11.31	8.48			12.19	10.22
(3) Location
Cardia	63	14	36	13	77.78	> 0.05	39	24	38.1	> 0.05
Corpus	33	10	18	5	69.7		23	10	30.3
Antrum	140	55	71	14	60.71		101	39	27.86
Others	20	10	7	3	50		14	6	30
(4) Tumor size(cm)
< 5	124	52	59	13	58.06	> 0.05	80	44	34.38	> 0.05
≥ 5	132	37	73	22	71.69		97	35	26.51
(5) Histological type
Well-moderately differentiated	109	24	61	24	77.98	> 0.05	63	46	42.2	> 0.05
Poorly differentiated	98	38	53	7	61.22		77	21	21.43
Undifferentiated	18	13	4	1	27.78		14	4	22.22
Mucinous	31	14	14	3	54.84		23	8	25.81
(6) Depth of invasion
Lamina propria or submucosa	40	23	15	2	42.5	< 0.05	23	17	42.50	< 0.05
Muscularis propria	77	23	54	10	70.13		48	29	37.66
Visceral peritoneum	139	43	73	23	69.06		106	33	23.74
(7) Lymph node metastasis
Negative	98	51	40	7	47.96	< 0.01	47	51	52.04	< 0.01
N1	130	34	73	23	73.85		103	27	20.77
N2	28	4	19	5	85.71		27	1	3.57
(8) TNM stage
I	91	49	36	6	46.15	< 0.01	46	45	49.45	< 0.01
II	56	14	35	7	75		40	16	28.57
III-IV	109	26	61	22	76.15		91	18	16.51
(9)Ki-67labeling index
Mean		669.83	720.09	751.77			716.95	684.53
±		±	±	±	< 0.01		±	±		> 0.05
SD		129.48	126.64	120.81			119.67	122.34

SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Association between the expression of MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) and TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1) and invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma

MMP-9 expression	TIPM-1 expression	n	Penetrating visceral peritoneum		Lymph node metastasis
			n	Ratio (%)	n	Ratio (%)
+	-	115	74	64.35	97	84.35
	+	52	22	42.31a	23	44.23ab
-	-	62	32	51.61a	33	53.32ab
	+	27	12	44.44a	5	15.52a

^aP < 0.05 vs MMP-9(+)TIMP-1(-);

^bP < 0.05 vs MMP-9(-)TIMP-1(+).

Table 3 Association between the expression of MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) and TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1) and the prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma

	n	Survival (%)			P value
		1 yr	2 yr	5 yr
MMP-9 expression
-	50	80.42	70.33	60.92	> 0.05
+	117	68.09	55.77	44.15
TIMP-1 expression
-	121	67.48	56.62	41.23	> 0.05
+	46	82.93	68.81	68.81
Co-expression of
MMP-9 and TIMP-1
A	83	64.87	53.62	36.75	< 0.05
B	34	76.08	60.90	60.90
C	38	73.48	63.74	49.42
D	12	100.00	88.89	88.89a

Note: A: MMP-9(+)TIMP-1(-); B: MMP-9(+)TIMP-1(+); C: MMP-9(-)TIMP-1(-); D: MMP-9(-)TIMP-1(+),

^aP < 0.05 vs A.