Therapeutic efficacy of high-dose vitamin C on acute pancreatitis and its potential mechanisms

Table 1 Comparison of cytokines between patients and healthy volunteers

	Patients (n = 84)	Healthy volunteers (n = 40)	P
SIL-2R (pmol/L)	213.42 ± 54.68	72.34 ± 23.17	< 0.01
TNF-α (pmol/L)	3.67 ± 1.01	0.58 ± 0.15	< 0.01
IL-6 (pmol/L)	92.43 ± 25.67	29.57 ± 11.64	< 0.01
IL-8 (pmol/L)	267.58 ± 121.88	60.49 ± 25.35	< 0.01
CRP (mg/L)	18.30 ± 7.35	8.34 ± 4.17	< 0.01

Table 2 Comparison of oxidation and anti-oxidation levels between patients and healthy volunteers

	Patients (n = 84)		Healthy volunteers (n = 40)
	MAP (n = 70)	SAP (n = 14)
P-VC (μmol/L)	32.56 ± 6.73	43.51 ± 2.15	55.12 ± 13.24
P-VE (μmol/L)	19.21 ± 1.75	13.26 ± 3.14	24.01 ± 5.28
P-LPO (μmol/L)	12.95 ± 3.91	15.41 ± 2.15	11.21 ± 2.76
P-β-CAR (μmol/L)	1.38 ± 0.25	0.94 ± 0.11	1.61 ± 0.23
WB-GSH (mmol/L)	1.08 ± 0.27	0.70 ± 0.33	1.21 ± 0.21
E-SOD (U/g*Hb)	1804.42 ± 100.14	1495.27 ± 152.87	2084.39 ± 191.53
E-CAT (K/g*Hb)	221.54 ± 20.47	174.76 ± 34.56	280.42 ± 77.26

Comparison between patients and healthy volunteers and between mild acute panceatitis (MAP) and severe acute panceatitis (SAP), all P < 0.05.

Table 3 Comparison of cellular immunity between patients and healthy volunteers (¯x±s)

	MAP (n = 70)	SAP (n = 14)	Healthy group (n = 40)
CD3 (%)	46.73 ± 10.15	45.23 ± 12.24a	57.65 ± 10.28
CD4 (%)	34.27 ± 9.52a	23.65 ± 7.53ab	43.23 ± 7.65
CD8 (%)	22.32 ± 7.29	27.18 ± 4.56	26.18 ± 4.79
CD4/CD8	1.84 ± 0.78	0.80 ± 0.67ab	2.13 ± 0.66

^aP < 0.05 vs healthy volunteers,

^bP < 0.05 vs MAP.

Table 4 Comparison of clinical symptoms and laboratory examinations between treatment and control groups (¯x±s, h)

	Treatment group (n = 40)	Control group (n = 44)	P
Disappearance of fever	65.75 ± 14.26	89.71 ± 16.25	< 0.05
Release of abdominal pain	23.43 ± 5.66	25.31 ± 6.37	> 0.05
Disappearance of abdominal pain	55.23 ± 10.08	54.23 ± 11.73	> 0.05
Disappearance of vomiting	43.19 ± 12.65	51.67 ± 10.93	< 0.05
Normalization of serum amylase	79.14 ± 19.64	91.45 ± 10.45	< 0.05
Normalization of urine amylase	100.22 ± 19.22	122.38 ± 13.56	< 0.05
Normalization of leucocyte counts	69.59 ± 15.41	81.34 ± 14.05	< 0.05

Table 5 Comparison of clinical efficacy between treatment and control groups (d,%)

	Case	Cure	Improvement	No change	Deterioration	Hospitalization
Treatment group	40	30 (75.00)	4 (10.00)	4 (10.00)	2 (5.00)	9.34 ± 4.24
Control group	44	18 (40.91)	10 (22.73)	6 (13.64)	6 (13.64)	13.45 ± 3.21
P		< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05

Table 6 Comparison of cytokines between treatment and control groups before and after therapy (¯x±s)

	Treatment group (n = 40)		Control group (n = 44)
	Before therapy	After therapy	Before therapy	After therapy
SIL-2R (pmol/L)	221.67 ± 87.30	118.37 ± 43.68a	196.52 ± 63.28	178.84 ± 30.56
TNF-α (pmol/L)	3.65 ± 1.25	1.52 ± 0.78b	3.99 ± 1.34	2.46 ± 1.04
IL-6 (pmol/L)	95.58 ± 18.64	39.53 ± 10.36b	89.22 ± 12.03	59.83 ± 9.48
IL-8 (pmol/L)	273.49 ± 88.50	127.35 ± 49.86a	261.47 ± 64.97	198.31 ± 28.50
CRP (mg/L)	19.19 ± 9.37	8.70 ± 4.65	17.56 ± 5.62	9.42 ± 5.84

Before therapy: P > 0.05 for each index in the two group. After therapy: AP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs treatment and control groups.

Table 7 Comparison of oxidation and anti-oxidation between treatment and control groups before and after therapy

	Treatment group (n = 40)		Control group (n = 44)
	Before therapy	After therapy	Before therapy	After therapy
P-VC (μmol/L)	41.54 ± 2.91	53.25 ± 10.11a	41.78 ± 1.96	45.21 ± 9.251)
P-VE (μmol/L)	18.47 ± 3.45	19.97 ± 4.26b	18.67 ± 2.13	19.24 ± 2.462)
P-LPO (μmol/L)	13.53 ± 2.12	11.54 ± 1.45a	13.68 ± 2.31	12.98 ± 2.751)
P-β-CAR (μmol/L)	1.25 ± 0.17	1.37 ± 0.71b	1.28 ± 0.21	1.34 ± 0.652)
WB-GSH (mmol/L)	0.97 ± 0.18	1.39 ± 0.41a	0.98 ± 0.21	1.04 ± 0.351)
E-SOD (U/g*Hb)	1749.01 ± 50.55	1997.42 ± 145.331)	1726.28 ± 71.37	1807.22 ± 120.211)
E-CAT (K/g*Hb)	217.34 ± 19.51	269.52 ± 65.321)	220.18 ± 20.14	239.17 ± 70.151)

Before therapy: each index in the two group, P > 0.05. After therapy: AP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs treatment and control groups.

Table 8 immunity change before and after therapy in MAP cases of two groups (¯x±s)

	Treatment group (n = 33)		Control group (n = 37)
	Before therapy	After therapy	Before therapy	After therapy
CD3 (%)	45.99 ± 9.75	52.34 ± 6.87	47.48 ± 10.35	50.18 ± 7.10
CD4 (%)	36.43 ± 8.56	38.79 ± 7.65	36.01 ± 9.47	37.25 ± 6.92
CD8 (%)	21.98 ± 6.85	20.46 ± 3.53	22.45 ± 7.11	21.33 ± 4.88
CD4/CD8	1.88 ± 0.64	1.97 ± 0.74	1.75 ± 0.76	1.85 ± 0.43

Before therapy: P > 0.05 vs the two groups. After therapy: P > 0.05 vs the two groups.

Table 9 Immunity changes in SAP cases of two groups before and after therapy (¯x±s)

	Treatment group (n = 7)		Control group (n = 7)
	Before therapy	After therapy	Before therapy	After therapy
P-VC (μmol/L)	31.93 ± 7.21	49.27 ± 10.12a	32.89 ± 2.17	38.17 ± 9.41a
CD3 (%)	45.65 ± 11.18	51.39 ± 7.17	44.90 ± 10.47	47.45 ± 10.72
CD4 (%)	22.48 ± 6.35	36.93 ± 8.51a	23.85 ± 7.52	25.67 ± 7.57a
CD8 (%)	23.32 ± 6.43	23.64 ± 5.50	26.84 ± 5.92	22.58 ± 6.74
CD4/CD8	0.85 ± 0.23	1.41 ± 0.47a	0.86 ± 0.45	1.17 ± 0.52a

Before therapy: P > 0.05 vs the two groups. After therapy:

^aP < 0.05 vs the two groups.