The anabolic effects of recombinant human growth hormone and glutamine on parenterally fed, short bowel rats

Table 1 Compositions of Gln-PN and standard-PN solution (100 mL)

	Gln-PN	Standard-PN
50% Dextrose (mL)	33	33
20% Intralipid (mL)	17	17
7% Vamine (mL)	30	30
17.54% Gly-Gln (mL)	16	0
Gly-Ala-Ser-Pro (mL)	0	16
10% KCl (mL)	1	1
10%NaCl (mL)	1	1
Addamel (SSPC) (mL)	1	1
Soluvit (SSPC) (mL)	1	1
Non-protein Calories (Kcal)	104	104
Total nitrogen (g)	0.862	0.862

Table 2 Body composition of short-bowel rats maintained with PN and given rhGH and/or Gln

	Carcass Water		Carcass Fat		Carcass Protein
	g	%	g	%	g	%
-rhGH
-Gln	74.4 ± 9.9	66.9 ± 3.8	8.5 ± 3.9	9.2 ± 3.7	17.9 ± 3.2	16.4 ± 2.4
+Gln	71.0 ± 12.9	68.8 ± 3.4	6.0 ± 1.7	6.3 ± 2.0	18.2 ± 2.5	17.8 ± 3.0
+rhGH
-Gln	76.5 ± 14.5	71.0 ± 6.2	5.4 ± 2.3	6.0 ± 2.6	22.2 ± 3.0	20.8 ± 4.0
+Gln	65.1 ± 3.2	68.9 ± 1.0	4.7 ± 1.5a	4.4 ± 1.5	20.3 ± 3.1	21.3 ± 2.4
Ref.	77.7 ± 2.3	73.1 ± 1.0	7.2 ± 1.7	7.6 ± 1.9	18.0 ± 1.8	16.9 ± 1.5
two-way ANOVA
Gln	NS	NS	0.0332	NS	NS	NS
rhGH	NS	NS	0.0153	0.0296	0.0134	0.0035
Gln + rhGH	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

^aP < 0.05 vs rats with PN alone, Gln-supplemented PN and reference rats. Reference group was not included in 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Table 3 Organ and tissue weights of rats maintained with PN and given rhGH and/or Gln

	reference	-rhGH, -Gln	-rhGH, +Gln	+rhGH, -Gln	+rhGH, +Gln
Thymus (mg)	392.2 ± 76.1	376.9 ± 88.5	412.9 ± 85.9	376.3 ± 50.8	355.1 ± 41.7
Heart (mg)	693.6 ± 89.9	652.8 ± 106.4	649.4 ± 78.4	624.7 ± 35.3	615.2 ± 102.8
Lung (mg)	1086.1 ± 143.7	1213.8 ± 205.6	1032.3 ± 137.2b	1318.7 ± 168.2a	1067.9 ± 119.9
Liver (mg)	8515.2 ± 1201.7	7722.0 ± 540.1	7819.5 ± 1005.5	9608.9 ± 884.7c	8180.5 ± 556.6
Spleen (mg)	493.2 ± 56.1	669.8 ± 99.9d	467.8 ± 153.8	589.7 ± 112.1	580.3 ± 93.3
Stomach (mg)	1067.5 ± 156.8	1115.7 ± 111.9	1087.1 ± 181.4	1171.6 ± 75.9	1216.9 ± 171.9
Remnant intestine (mg)	1688.9 ± 228.9	1658.0 ± 264.9	1632.2 ± 242.0	1679.0 ± 270.9	1632.2 ± 242.0
Weight/length of remnant intestine		47.8 ± 5.0	48.7 ± 5.5	52.7 ± 4.1	67.4 ± 5.3e
Cecum (mg)	724.9 ± 61.3	628.2 ± 90.4	620.8 ± 130.2	548.0 ± 147.5	608.6 ± 8 0.3
Kidney (mg)	1747.2 ± 265.7	1468.6 ± 178.4	1485.9 ± 208.2	1602.1 ± 157.6	1408.1 ± 62.6
Adrenal (mg)	54.5 ± 8.2	42.7 ± 11.4	48.0 ± 8.9	47.1 ± 3.8	44.1 ± 7.7
Testis (mg)	2434.4 ± 279.1	2385.1 ± 164.8	2100.4 ± 293.5	2383.2 ± 397.8	2123.0 ± 289.4
gastrocnemius muscles (mg)	2551.4 ± 279.2f	2176.3 ± 167.1	2141.9 ± 353.6	2683.9 ± 341.6f	2579.1 ± 359.5f

^aP < 0.05 vs rats with rhGH+Gln and reference rats;

^bP < 0.05 vs rats with rhGH and PN alone;

^cP < 0.05 vs rats with PN alone, Gln-supplemented PN and rhGH+Gln;

^dP < 0.05 vs rats with Gln-supplemented PN and reference rats;

^eP < 0.05 vs rats with PN alone and Gln-supplemented PN;

^fP < 0.05 vs rats with PN alone and Gln-supplemented PN.