Fish sauce and gastric cancer: an ecological study in Fujian Province, China

Table 1 Correlation analysis between exposure factors and standardized truncated mortality of gastric cancer (55 townships)

Factors		Pearson’s coefficient of correlation
		Male	Female
χ1	Fish sauce average consumption (0.5 kg/month)	0.5170a	0.4261a
χ2	Population ratio who consume fish sauce	0.3576a	0.2720a
χ3	Population ratio who consume uncooked fish sauce	0.6904a	0.5086a
χ4	Uncooked Fish sauce average consumption (0.5 kg/month)	0.7356a	0.5246a
χ5	Salted fermented sea foods average consumption (0.5 kg/year)	0.4863a	0.3653a
χ6	Population ratio of crapulence	0.4887a	0.3198a
χ7	Population ratio of taking moldy foods	0.5538a	0.2582
χ8	Fresh vegetables consumption (0.5 kg/year)	-0.4742a	-0.2307
χ9	Fresh meat, fish, egg average consumption (0.5 kg/year)	0.4254a	0.1298
χ10	Average ratio of coarse food grain to grain ration	0.3900a	0.2107
χ11	Prevalence of chronic gastric diseases	0.2973b	0.1107
χ12	Average index of smoking	-0.2158	0.1737
χ13	Average cumulative alcohol consumption (0.05 kg)	0.1703	-0.1942
χ14	Population ratio of taking irregular dinners	0.2172	0.1443
χ15	Average salted vegetables consumption (0.5 kg/year)	-0.1488	-0.0079
χ16	average salt consumption (0.5 kg/month)	-0.2455	-0.2160
χ17	Average fresh fruit consumption (0.5 kg/year)	0.0978	-0.0581
χ18	Average bean products consumption (0.5 kg/year)	-0.1475	-0.0422

^aP < 0.01,

^bP < 0.05.

Table 2 The results of multivariate regression analysis on χ¹, χ⁵-χ¹⁸ and mortality of gastric cancer for men

Factor	β	Sβ	Standard error	t	P
χ1	187.3639	0.4678	43.1674	4.340	0.0001
χ13	0.0306	0.3105	0.0101	3.018	0.0041
χ11	861.7824	0.5713	241.9891	3.561	0.0008
χ7	338.2060	0.1819	160.7826	2.103	0.0407
χ14	421.5166	0.3329	132.5871	3.179	0.0026
χ8	-0.8042	-0.6127	0.2250	-3.574	0.0008
χ17	-2.6339	-0.2527	1.1036	-2.387	0.0210
Source of variation	DF	Sum of squares	Mean Square	F value	P
Regression	7	4802841.3249	686120.1893	47.482	0.0001
Error	48	693599.3209	14449.9859
Total	55	5496440.6458

R² = 0.8738 Adjusted R² = 0.8554

Table 3 The results of multivariate regression analysis on χ⁴, χ⁵-χ¹⁸ and mortality of gastric cancer for men

Factor	β	Sβ	Standard error	t	P
χ4	271.5961	0.4491	45.4883	5.971	0.0001
χ13	0.0248	0.2521	0.0092	2.696	0.0096
χ11	671.6803	0.4453	223.1106	3.011	0.0041
χ7	285.9537	0.1538	143.8708	1.988	0.0526
χ14	366.5093	0.2894	119.2315	3.074	0.0035
χ8	-0.5394	-0.4109	0.2124	-2.539	0.0144
χ17	-1.2599	-0.1209	0.8569	-1.470	0.1480
Source of variation	DF	Sum of squares	Mean Square	F value	P
Regression	7	4942225.6156	706052.2308	61.149	0.0001
Error	48	554215.0301	11546.1465
Total	55	5496440.6456

R² = 0.8992 Adjusted R² = 0.8845

Table 4 The results of multivariate regression analysis on χ¹, χ⁵-χ¹⁸ and mortality of gastric cancer for women

Factor	β	Sβ	Standard error	t	P
χ1	81.2327	0.5020	24.7179	3.286	0.0019
χ11	417.1922	0.43288	122.1212	3.416	0.0013
χ14	132.1827	0.25882	44.0834	2.998	0.0015
χ5	1.2702	0.1639	0.9209	1.379	0.1739
χ17	-1.8558	-0.4045	0.5958	-3.115	0.0030
Source of variation	DF	Sum of squares	Mean Square	F value	P
Regression	5	646897.4448	129379.4890	34.871	0.0001
Error	50	185511.7385	3710.2348
Total	55	832409.1833

R² = 0.7771 Adjusted R² = 0.7549

Table 5 The results of multivariate regression analysis on χ⁴, χ⁵-χ¹⁸ and mortality of gastric cancer for women

Factor	β	Sβ	Standard error	t	P
χ4	100.2382	0.4090	26.0132	3.853	0.0003
χ11	448.4859	0.4658	124.4522	3.604	0.0007
χ14	153.9328	0.3007	43.5068	3.538	0.0009
χ15	2.3826	0.3074	0.9565	2.491	0.0161
χ18	-0.9343	-0.4078	0.3853	-2.425	0.0190
Source of variation	DF	Sum of squares	Mean Square	F value	P
Regression	5	657252.0786	31450.4157	37.52	0.0001
Error	50	175157.1047	3503.1421
Total	55	832409.1833

R² = 0.7896 Adjusted R² = 0.7685

Table 6 Correlation analysis between exposure factors and truncate d standardized mortality of esophagus cancer

Factors	Male		Female
	Pearson’s r	P	Pearson’s r	P
χ1	-0.2511	0.0644	-0.3079	0.0222
χ2	-0.2538	0.0615	-0.3647	0.0062
χ3	-0.2170	0.1115	-0.2519	0.0636
χ4	-0.1714	0.2109	-0.2218	0.1037
χ5	-0.0390	0.7778	-0.0988	0.4730
χ6	-0.0715	0.6042	0.0360	0.7939
χ7	0.3025	0.0248	0.2130	0.1184
χ8	-0.3618	0.0066	-0.2274	0.0950
χ9	0.0609	0.6590	-0.1751	0.2010
χ10	0.3571	0.0074	0.1731	0.2062
χ11	-0.3493	0.0090	0.1252	0.3625
χ12	0.5330	0.0001	0.0592	0.6677
χ13	-0.0686	0.6187	0.3725	0.0051
χ14	0.3292	0.0141	0.2771	0.0406
χ15	0.2606	0.0546	0.4740	0.0003
χ16	0.6384	0.0001	0.3743	0.0049
χ17	-0.2569	0.0584	-0.2759	0.0415

Esophagus cancer mortality for 45-74 age group was calculated based on world truncated standardized population constitution.

Table 7 Correlation analysis between exposure factors and truncated standardized mortality of liver cancer

Factors	Male		Female
	Pearson’s r	P	Pearson’s r	P
χ1	-0.0913	0.5074	-0.1407	0.3055
χ2	-0.1420	0.3010	-0.1808	0.1865
χ3	-0.0237	0.8639	-0.1017	0.4599
χ4	0.0061	0.9648	-0.0970	0.4813
χ5	0.2226	0.1028	0.1915	0.1614
χ6	0.0679	0.6221	0.2546	0.0607
χ7	0.4113	0.0018	0.2141	0.1166
χ8	-0.3280	0.0145	-0.1681	0.2199
χ9	0.1200	0.3830	0.0737	0.5927
χ10	0.3627	0.0065	0.1609	0.2407
χ11	0.0570	0.6794	0.1594	0.2451
χ12	0.1352	0.3249	0.0595	0.6661
χ13	-0.0120	0.9412	-0.2453	0.0710
χ14	-0.0024	0.9863	0.1569	0.2527
χ15	0.0630	0.6477	0.2936	0.0296
χ16	0.1967	0.1501	0.0946	0.4922
χ17	-0.1065	0.4389	-0.0053	0.9693

Liver cancer mortality for 45-74 age group was calculated based on world truncated standardized population constitution.

Table 8 Correlation analysis between exposure factors and truncated standardized mortality of colon cancer

Factors	Male		Female
	Pearson’s r	P	Pearson’s r	P
χ1	0.2461	0.0701	0.1077	0.4341
χ2	0.2356	0.0833	0.1055	0.4433
χ3	0.2428	0.0741	0.0535	0.6982
χ4	0.2250	0.0986	0.0103	0.9408
χ5	0.0035	0.9796	-0.0223	0.8718
χ6	-0.0504	0.7148	-0.0127	0.9266
χ7	0.0964	0.4838	-0.1242	0.3662
χ8	-0.1605	0.2418	0.1274	0.3539
χ9	0.0833	0.5215	0.0652	0.6362
χ10	-0.0974	0.4915	-0.2482	0.0677
χ11	0.3843	0.0038	0.2251	0.0985
χ12	-0.2815	0.0374	0.0277	0.8412
χ13	-0.1895	0.1659	-0.1819	0.1839
χ14	0.2185	0.1091	-0.0611	0.6579
χ15	-0.2899	0.0318	-0.0554	0.6879
χ16	-0.1654	0.2274	-0.2247	0.0990
χ17	0.2053	0.1327	0.1787	0.1919

Colon cancer mortality for 45-74 age group was calculated based on world truncated standardized population constitution.