Pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese syndrome and recipe: a hypothesis and its verification (I)

Table 1 Recovery of TMP added to rat serum and ferulic acid added to rabbit serum

Drug	Added (mg/L)	Found + SD (mg/L)	Recovery + RSD (%)
TMP	0.2200	0.2126 ± 0.0081	96.64 ± 3.18
TMP	0.8388	0.8294 ± 0.0181	98.99 ± 2.18
TMP	6.7100	0.6657 ± 0.1973	99.34 ± 2.96
FA	0.0300	0.0280 ± 0.0009	95.00 ± 1.60
FA	0.4500	0.43804 ± 0.0043	97.40 ± 1.00
FA	0.7000	0.6883 ± 0.0053	98.30 ± 0.80

Table 2 Precision of tetramethylpyrazine from rat serum and ferulic acid from rabbit serum

Drug	Amount added (mg/L)	Interday cv (%)	Intraday cv (%)
TMP	0.2200	2.45	5.57
TMP	0.8388	1.25	5.67
TMP	6.7100	1.44	4.72
FA	0.030	5.5	6.1
FA	0.450	3.2	4.3
FA	0.700	2.1	3.8

Table 3 Pharmacokinetic parameters of TMP in serum after oral admin istration of TMPP (10 mg/kg) to healthy rats and RMSDS with or without SJZD treatment

Parameter	Healthy rat	RMSDS	SJZD
α (h-1)	2.83 ± 0.70	0.38 ± 0.09b	2.33 ± 0.65
β (h-1)	0.22 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.30b	0.24 ± 0.05
Ka (h-1)	5.41 ± 1.91	13.61 ± 2.56	5.28 ± 1.39
K10 (h-1)	0.88 ± 0.20	0.24 ± 0.07b	0.82 ± 0.11
K12 (h-1)	1.45 ± 0.47	0.11 ± 0.02b	1.39 ± 0.68
K21 (h-1)	0.72 ± 0.22	0.11 ± 0.02b	0.77 ± 0.18
t1/2a (h)	0.14 ± 0.09	0.05 ± 0.04b	0.16 ± 0.10
t1/2α (h)	0.27 ± 0.11	1.92 ± 0.44b	0.31 ± 0.09
t1/2β (h)	3.19 ± 0.39	13.35 ± 5.92b	3.21 ± 0.28
AUC (μg·h·m L-1)	5.20 ± 2.57	24.88 ± 9.76b	5.11 ± 6.81
Tp (h)	0.30 ± 0.05	0.34 ± 0.03	0.33 ± 0.02
Cmax (μg/mL)	2.33 ± 1.17	4.82 ± 1.23b	2.18 ± 1.14
VFC (μg/mL)	2.81 ± 1.30	2.03 ± 0.58	2.19 ± 0.98

^aP < 0.01 vs healthy rabbit.

Table 4 Pharmacokinetic parameters of FA in serum after intravenous administration of sodium ferulate (5 mg/kg) in healthy rabbit and rabbit with general blood stasis syndrome (^-x±s, n = 6)

Parameter	RMBSS	Healthy rabbit
K12 (h-1)	1.01 ± 0.86	1.62 ± 1.18
K21 (h-1)	1.45 ± 0.99	2.47 ± 0.99
Kel (min-1)	4.49 ± 1.10a	7.37 ± 1.40
T1/2α (h)	0.12 ± 0.10	0.07 ± 0.02
T1/2β (h)	0.62 ± 0.12b	0.36 ± 0.09
AUC (μg·h·m L-1)	5.67 ± 2.35b	2.76 ± 0.82
Cl (L·kg-1)	0.88 ± 0.55	1.81 ± 0.95
VFC (L/kg)	0.71 ± 0.03	0.95 ± 0.22

^aP < 0.05;

^bP < 0.01 vs healthy rabbit. Mean ± SEM, n = 6

Table 5 Pharmacokinetic parameters of TMP in serum after oral admini stration of LW or LWandSM extracts to rats mean ± SEM (n = 6)

Parameter	LW	LWandSW
α (h-1)	1.928 ± 0.719	2.328 ± 0.719
β (h-1)	0.479 ± 0.205	0.479 ± 0.289
Ka (h-1)	19.58 ± 4.139	11.508 ± 2.821a
K10 (h-1)	1.090 ± 0.502	0.788 ± 0.255
K12 (h-1)	0.470 ± 0.160	0.205 ± 0.092
T1/2α (h-1)	0.354 ± 0.101	0.298 ± 0.223
T1/2β (h-1)	1.448 ± 0.880	1.447 ± 0.901
AUC (μg·h·m L-1)	1.273 ± 0.255	0.836 ± 0.168b
VC/F (L/kg)	9.665 ± 1.810	7.390 ± 1.089a

^aP < 0.05;

^bP < 0.01 vs LW.