Modulation of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus on gastric motility in rats

Table 1 Effect of various treatments on the reduction of IGP inducet by ARC stimulation

Treatment	n	IGP(%)
ARC stimulation	15	-42.2 ± 5.4
ICV of saline	8	-43.5 ± 8.1
ICV of naloxone	10	-40.6 ± 6.4
Sham lesion of LC	8	-39.1 ± 6.3
Lesion of LC	8	-15.7 ± 3.6b
Sham lesion of DR	8	-36.3 ± 5.4
Iesion of DR	8	-19.6 ± 2.5a

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01, vs control group.

Table 2 The peripheral pathways of reduction IGP induced by ARC stimulation

Treatment	n	IGP(%)
Stimulation of ARC	15	-42.2 ± 5.4
Normal saline	10	-39.1 ± 5.0
Sham operation	6	-40.2 ± 8.0
Cervical vagotomy	13	-25.7 ± 3.4a
Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy	8	-24.3 ± 2.2a
Atropine	9	-30.6 ± 5.0
Extirpation of celiac nerve plexus	11	-19.1 ± 3.8a
Phentolamine	7	-22.8 ± 5.2a
Propranolol	8	-44.4 ± 6.5
Cervical vagotomy + extirpation	8	-12.9 ± 3.9b
of celiac nerve plexus
Subdiaphragmatic	5	-15.3 ± 3.8a
vagotomy+phentolamine

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01, vs stimulation of ARC.

Table 3 Effects of phentolamine and propranolol on IGP

Drug	n	IGP (kPa)
		BT	AT	%
Normal saline	9	0.735 + 0.088	0.735 + 0.078	+ 0.6 + 1.6
Phentolamine	8	0.725 + 0.078	0.735 + 0.078	+ 2.3 + 2.7
Propranolol	8	0.892 + 0.069	0.960 + 0.059	+ 7.9 + 2.3a

BT: Berore treatment; AT: after treatment,

^aP < 0.05 vs normal saline group.

Table 4 Effect of phentolamine and propranolol on IGP of rats with vagotomy

Treatment	n	IGP (kPa)
		BT	AT	%
Sham operation +
phentolamine	7	0.617 ± 0.098	0.588 ± 0.088	-1.1 ± 2.2
Vagotomy +
phentolamine	7	0.8333 ± 0.157	0.707 ± 0.137	-15.6 ± 5.1a
Sham operation +
propranolol	4	0.568 ± 0.069	0.637 ± 0.069	+17.6 ± 2.5
Vagotomy +
propranolol	5	0.784 ± 0.176	0.970 ± 0.216	+28.3 ± 7.9

^aP < 0.05 vs sham operation group.