Clinical characteristics and risk factors of esophageal reflux hypersensitivity: A multicenter study

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i17.105281

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May 7, 2025 (publication date) through Apr 29, 2025

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Gastroenterol. May 7, 2025; 31(17): 105281
Published online May 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i17.105281

Table 1 Comparison of parameters between male and female

	Male (n = 43)	Female (n = 64)	P value
Age, year (mean ± SD)	51.37 ± 16.05	56.44 ± 10.42	0.168
BMI, kg/m² (mean ± SD)	23.36 ± 2.83	22.17 ± 3.02^a	0.041
24-hour MII-pH monitoring, median (IQR)
AR, times	13.0 (17.0)	6.0 (10.5)^b	0.003
WAR, times	71.0 (66.0)	51.5 (54.0)^a	0.011
NAR, times	71.0 (64.0)	23.5 (49.5)^c	< 0.001
Gas reflux, times	32.0 (16.0, 65.0)	23.0 (14.3, 40.0)	0.054
Liquid reflux, time	59.0 (54.0)	38.0 (40.0)^b	0.005
Mixture reflux, times	59.0 (60.0)	29.5 (31.5)^c	< 0.001
DeMeester score	3.5 (6.8)	1.8 (4.6)^a	0.033
High-resolution manometry, median (IQR)
Length of LES, cm	2.4 (0.7)	2.4 (0.9)	0.677
IRP, mmHg	2.88 (6.20)	2.54 (3.36)	0.694
DCI, mmHg∙second∙cm	231.0 (417.0)	417.0 (619.3)^a	0.033
DL, second	6.8 (1.8)	7.10 (1.8)	0.654
PCBL, cm	6.9 (5.9)	4.9 (5.1)^a	0.025

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

BMI: Body mass index; MII-pH: Multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH; IQR: Interquartile range; AR: Acidic reflux; WAR: Weakly acidic reflux; NAR: Nonacidic reflux; LES: Lower esophagus sphincter; IRP: Integrated relaxation pressure; DCI: Distal contractile integral; DL: Distal latency; PCBL: Peristaltic contraction break length.

Table 2 Risk factor analysis

Variable	RH group (n = 92)	Control group (n = 104)	Univariate	Multivariate
Variable	RH group (n = 92)	Control group (n = 104)	P value	OR	P value
Age, year (mean ± SD)	51.6 ± 13.1	41.8 ± 13.6	< 0.001
Youth/middle age/elderly	21/46/25	52/42/10	< 0.001	5.633	0.030
Gender (male/female)	37/55	57/47	0.041	1.492	0.296
BMI, kg/m² (mean ± SD)	22.6 ± 2.8	23.2 ± 3.4	0.195
Higher education (yes/no)	27/65	62/42	< 0.001	0.647	0.335
Marriage (yes/no)	86/6	81/23	0.002	0.921	0.904
Comorbidity
Coronary disease (yes/no)	5/87	1/103	0.162
Hypertension (yes/no)	16/76	15/89	0.57
Diabetes (yes/no)	2/90	3/101	0.753
Hiatal hernia (yes/no)	12/80	1/103	0.001	13.103	0.020
IBS (yes/no)	25/67	15/89	0.027	1.539	0.384
Insomnia (yes/no)	70/22	53/51	< 0.001	2.572	0.053
Anxiety (yes/perhaps/no)	24/17/51	2/3/99	< 0.001	17.342	0.000
Depression (yes/perhaps/no)	2/22/68	0/3/101	< 0.001	0.598	0.613

Youth: Aged 18-40 years, middle age: Aged 40-60 years, elderly: Aged over 60 years. RH: Reflux hypersensitivity; OR: Odds ratio; BMI: Body mass index; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome.

Citation: Wu YP, Zhou JX, Wu HB, Wu DP, Qin LZ, Qin B, Xu XY, Yehya SAA, Cheng Y. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of esophageal reflux hypersensitivity: A multicenter study. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(17): 105281
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i17/105281.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i17.105281