Immunoglobulin G-mediated food intolerance and metabolic syndrome influence the occurrence of reflux esophagitis in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Characteristics	Non-reflux esophagitis (n = 6296)	Reflux esophagitis (n = 1658)	P value
Basic information
Age (yr), mean ± SD	49.76 ± 8.00	50.81 ± 7.83	< 0.001
Sex (male) [n (%)]	4177 (66.34)	1504 (90.71)	< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD	123.40 ± 137.49	126.12 ± 16.78	0.421
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD	80.58 ± 11.57	82.63 ± 11.06	< 0.001
Drinking history [n (%)]			< 0.001
No	2567 (40.77)	387 (23.34)
Yes	3592 (57.05)	1231 (74.25)
Abstain	137 (2.17)	40 (2.41)
Smoking history [n (%)]			< 0.001
No	4073 (64.69)	788 (47.53)
Yes	1777 (28.22)	720 (43.43)
Abstain	446 (7.08)	150 (9.05)
Test results
White blood cell count (109/L), mean ± SD	5.87 ± 1.44	6.21 ± 1.55	< 0.001
Hemoglobin (g/L), mean ± SD	143.31 ± 15.33	150.17 ± 12.61	< 0.001
C-reactive protein (mg/L), mean ± SD	0.16 ± 0.36	0.16 ± 0.31	0.999
Folic acid (ng/mL), mean ± SD	9.50 ± 4.39	8.58 ± 4.05	< 0.001
Homocysteine (μmol/L), mean ± SD	12.35 ± 9.38	13.46 ± 6.96	< 0.001
Brain natriuretic peptide precursor (pg/mL), mean ± SD	34.59 ± 41.53	30.29 ± 49.06	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean ± SD	4.76 ± 0.90	4.72 ± 0.95	0.103
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L), mean ± SD	5.50 ± 1.17	5.68 ± 1.20	< 0.001
Creatinine (μmol/L), mean ± SD	67.92 ± 13.97	72.21 ± 12.79	< 0.001
Total protein (g/L), mean ± SD	70.14 ± 5.39	69.82 ± 5.25	0.031
25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (ng/mL), mean ± SD	19.79 ± 6.01	20.13 ± 6.14	0.040
Diseases [n (%)]
IgG-mediated food intolerance	3781 (60.05)	1132 (68.28)	< 0.001
Helicobacter pylori infection	2478 (39.36)	378 (22.80)	< 0.001
Metabolic syndrome	3671 (58.31)	1113 (67.13)	< 0.001

Ig: Immunoglobulin.

Table 2 Mediation effect analysis: Immunoglobulin G-mediated food intolerance

Indicators	Effect value	95%CI	P value
Total effect	-0.122064	-0.138193, -0.104456	< 0.0001
Average direct effect	-0.119349	-0.135905, -0.102256	< 0.0001
Average mediation effect	-0.002715	-0.004145, -0.000316	0.0200
Average mediation effect percentage	0.022242	0.002679, 0.034859	0.0200

Table 3 Mediation effect analysis: Metabolic syndrome

Indicators	Effect value	95%CI	P value
Total effect	-0.121571	-0.138064, -0.104781	< 0.0001
Average direct effect	-0.122715	-0.139268, -0.105907	< 0.0001
Average mediation effect	0.001144	0.000182, 0.002307	0.0220
Average mediation effect percentage	-0.009413	-0.018807, -0.001479	0.0220