Comparative study of changing patterns of concanavalin A-binding proteins in early stage of cholesterol gallstone formation

Table 1 Concentrations of proteins in human gallbladder bile (g/L, ^-x ± s)

Patient group	n	Total protein	CP concentration
Cholesterol gallstones	36	4.1 ± 1.5	0.39 ± 0.11
Pigment stones	7	3.2 ± 1.8	0.26 ± 0.12
Gallbladder cholesterosis	9	4.4 ± 1.6	0.40 ± 0.09
Gallbladder adenomyomatosis	2	3.8 ± 1.2	0.29 ± 0.19
Gallbladder adenoma	2	3.9 ± 1.1	0.26 ± 0.14
Non-biliary diseases	10	4.5 ± 1.6	0.27 ± 0.09

^aP < 0.05 vs other groups: ^bP < 0.01 vs pigment gallstones and non-biliary diseases. CP: Concanavalin A-binding protein

Table 2 Nucleation time of human gallbladder bile (^-x ± s)

Patient group	n	Nucleation time (d)
Cholesterol gallstones	36	7.8 ± 4.2
Solitary	20	5.3 ± 2.7
Multiple	16	10.1 ± 5.6
Pigment gallstones	7	14.7 ± 6.01
Gallbladder cholesterosis	9	6.1 ± 3.7
Stone-free diseases	14	16.3 ± 3.22

Notes: Those (¹3 cases,

²8 cases) without nucleation after 21 d were recorded as 21 d.

Table 3 Cholesterol crystals and biliary proteins (^-x ± s)

Patient group	n	Total protein (g/L)	CPs (g/L)
Gallstones	36
With crystal	29	4.9 ± 2.7	0.43 ± 0.14
Without crystal	7	3.4 ± 2.1	0.29 ± 0.16
Gallstone-free	30
With crystal	14	4.1 ± 1.9	0.40 ± 0.17
Without crystal	16	3.2 ± 2.1	0.31 ± 0.17

Table 4 Influence of Concanavalin A-binding proteins on nucleating activities of model bile (^-x ± s)

Patient group	n	Nucleation time ratio	Final cholesterol crystal concentration percentage
Cholesterol gallstones	5	0.57 ± 0.21	143.4 ± 12.6
Pigment gallstones	5	0.71 ± 0.19	121.3 ± 27.4
Gallbladder cholesterosis	5	0.44 ± 0.23	152.7 ± 18.4
Non-biliary diseases	5	0.73 ± 0.11	130.4 ± 15.7