Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastroenterol. May 14, 2023; 29(18): 2836-2849
Published online May 14, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i18.2836
Table 1 The clinical information of de novo and carcinoma in adenoma colorectal cancers
De novo (n = 33)
CIA (n = 30)
χ2
P value
Clinical information
Age (%)> 5530 (90.9)25 (83.3)0.814> 0.05
< 553 (9.1)5 (16.7)
Gender (%)Male16 (48.5)16 (53.3)0.148> 0.05
Female17 (51.5)14 (46.7)
Smoking history (%)Yes27 (81.8)19 (63.3)2.725> 0.05
No6 (18.2)11 (36.7)
Location (%)Proximal7 (21.2)21 (70.0)15.149< 0.05
Distal26 (78.8)9 (30.0)
Depth of invasionM8 (24.2)9 (30.0)1.504> 0.05
SMp9 (27.3)11 (36.7)
SMd16 (48.5)10 (33.3)
Treatment (%)Surgery21 (63.6)16 (53.3)0.688> 0.05
Endoscopy12 (36.4)14 (46.7)
Supplement chemotherapy (%)Yes21 (63.6)12 (40.0)3.520 > 0.05
No12 (36.4)18 (60.0)
Distal metastasis (%)Yes5 (15.2)2 (6.7)1.145> 0.05
No28 (84.8)28 (93.3)
Overall survival (%)1 yr33 (100.0)30 (100.0)
3 yr30 (90.9)28 (93.3)
5 yr23 (69.7)28 (93.3)
DSSYes26 (78.8)28 (93.3)2.715> 0.05
No7 (21.2)2 (6.7)
Endoscopic gross characteristics
Size%1 cm < S ≤ 2 cm14 (42.4)9 (30.0)30.514< 0.05
≤ 1 cm16 (48.5)0 (0.0)
> 2 cm3 (9.1)21 (70.0)
Macroscopic type%Is5 (15.2)6 (20.0)35.187< 0.05
IIa + IIc11 (33.3)1 (3.3)
IIc17 (51.5)4 (13.3)
Is + IIc0 (0.0)19 (63.3)
Surface changeErosion24 (72.7)13 (43.3)9.457< 0.05
Ulceration2 (6.1)11 (36.7)
None7 (21.2)6 (20.0)
Color changeReddened mucosa26 (78.8)2 (6.7)33.104< 0.05
None7 (21.2)28 (93.3)
NICEType 10 (0.0)0 (0.0)> 0.05
Type 20 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Type 333 (100.0)30 (100.0)
SanoI0 (0.0)0 (0.0)5.292< 0.05
II0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
IIIA17 (51.5)7 (23.3)
IIIB16 (48.5)23 (76.7)
JNET10 (0.0)0 (0.0)3.094> 0.05
2A0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
2B12 (36.4)5 (16.7)
321 (63.6)25 (83.3)
Chemical staining (crystal violet)
Pit patternVi1 (3.0)6 (20.0)15.774< 0.05
Vn13 (39.4)15 (50.0)
Vi + Vn19 (57.6)5 (16.7)
IV + Vi0 (0.0)4 (13.3)
Pit pattern at the edge of the tumorsI33 (100.0)0 (0.0)63.000 < 0.05
III + VI0 (0.0)30 (100.0)
Surrounding mucosa
PullingYes9 (27.3)21 (70.0)11.501< 0.05
No24 (72.7)9 (30.0)
Converging foldsYes27 (81.8)15 (50.0)7.159< 0.05
No6 (18.2)15 (50.0)
CSMCSM111 (33.3)4 (13.3)3.553> 0.05
CSM217 (51.5)21 (70.0)
CSM35 (15.2)5 (16.7)
CRC: Colorectal cancer; DSS: Disease specific survival; CSM: Chicken skin mucosa; CIA: Carcinoma in adenoma; NICE: Narrow-band imaging International Colorectal Endoscopic.
Table 2 The endoscopic characteristics in de novo and carcinoma in adenoma groups
De novo (n = 22)
CIA (n = 20)
χ2
P value
BuddingBD18 (24.2)4 (13.3)6.161> 0.05
BD28 (24.2)6 (20.0)
BD311 (33.3)6 (20.0)
None5 (18.2)14 (46.7)
GradingG16 (18.2)13 (43.3)8.878> 0.05
G211 (33.3)9 (30.0)
G1-210 (30.3)8 (26.7)
G3-26 (18.2)0 (0.0)
TILYes27 (81.8)19 (63.3)2.725> 0.05
No6 (18.2)11 (36.7)
Perineural infiltrationYes16 (48.5)3 (10.0)11.050 < 0.05
No17 (51.5)27 (90.0)
Lymphovascular invasionYes16 (48.5)7 (23.3)4.289< 0.05
No17 (51.5)23 (76.7)
Growth patternINFa0 (0.0)27 (90.0)63.000 < 0.05
INFb0 (0.0)3 (10.0)
INFc33 (100.0)0 (0.0)
Lymph node metastasisYes10 (30.3)1 (3.3)7.931> 0.05
No23 (69.7)29 (96.7)
Adjacent lesionsInflammation33 (100.0)0 (0.0)63.000 < 0.05
Adenoma0 (0.0)17 (56.7)
Hyperplasia0 (0.0)13 (43.3)
IHC-E-cadherinNo staining0 (0.0)0 (0.0)22.609< 0.05
Weak17 (51.5)2 (6.7)
Moderate15 (48.5)19 (63.3)
Strong0 (0.0)9 (30.0)
IHC-VimentinNo staining0 (0.0)0 (0.0)23.182< 0.05
Weak13 (39.4)18 (60.0)
Moderate1 (3.0)10 (33.3)
Strong19 (57.6)2 (6.7)
CIA: Carcinoma in adenoma; TIL: Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; BD: Budding grade.
Table 3 The risk factors are related to the depth of invasion
Depth of invasion
M
SM-S
SM-d and deeper
r
P value
Size, %-0.002> 0.05
1 cm < S ≤ 2 cm1 (12.5)0 (0.0)13 (81.3)
≤ 1 cm7 (87.5)9 (100.0)0 (0.0)
> 2 cm0 (0.0)0 (0.0)3 (18.8)
Growth pattern> 0.05
IFNa0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
IFNb0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
IFNc8 (100.0)9 (100.0)16 (100.0)
Differential degree0.904< 0.001
G15 (62.5)1 (11.1)0 (0.0)
G23 (37.5)8 (88.9)0 (0.0)
G1-20 (0.0)0 (0.0)10 (62.5)
G3-20 (0.0)0 (0.0)6 (37.5)
Macroscopic type-0.093> 0.05
Is2 (25.0)0 (0.0)13 (81.3)
IIa + IIc6 (75.0)9 (100.0)0 (0.0)
IIc0 (0.0)0 (0.0)3 (18.8)
Is + IIc0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
NICE> 0.05
Type 10 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Type 20 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Type 38 (100.0)9 (100.0)16 (100.0)
Sano0.938< 0.001
I0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
II0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
IIIA8 (100.0)9 (100.0)0 (0.0)
IIIB0 (0.0)0 (0.0)16 (100.0)
JNET0.649< 0.001
10 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
2A0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
2B5 (62.5)7 (77.8)0 (0.0)
33 (37.5)2 (22.2)16 (100.0)
Pit pattern-0.491< 0.001
Vi1 (12.5)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Vn0 (0.0)0 (0.0)13 (81.3)
Vi + Vn7 (87.5)9 (100.0)3 (18.8)
IV + Vi0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Pit pattern at the edge of the tumors> 0.05
I8 (100.0)9 (100.0)16 (100.0)
III + VI0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Surrounding mucosa
Pulling-0.567< 0.001
Yes0 (0.0)0 (0.0)9 (56.3)
No8 (100.0)9 (100.0)7 (43.8)
Converging folds-0.62< 0.001
Yes3 (37.5)8 (88.9)16 (100.0)
No5 (62.5)1 (11.1)0 (0.0)
CSM-0.796< 0.001
CSM10 (0.0)0 (0.0)11 (68.8)
CSM23 (37.5)9 (100.0)5 (31.3)
CSM35 (62.5)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
IFN: Infiltration; CSM: Chicken skin mucosa; NICE: Narrow-band imaging International Colorectal Endoscopic.
Table 4 The risk factors are related to tumor budding
BD1
BD2
BD3
No budding
r
P value
Infiltrative depth, %0.669< 0.001
M0 (0.0)3 (21.4)0 (0.0)14 (70.0)
SMp10 (83.3)1 (7.1)3 (17.6)
SMd2 (16.7)10 (71.4)14 (82.4)
Lymphovascular invasion0.663< 0.001
Yes2 (28.6)4 (21.1)16 (94.1)1 (5.0)
No5 (71.4)15 (78.9)1 (5.9)19 (95.0)
Lymph node metastasis0.489< -0.001
Yes1 (14.3)1 (5.3)9 (52.9)0 (0.0)
No6 (85.7)18 (94.7)8 (41.7)20 (100.0)
Perineural infiltration0.601< 0.001
Yes2 (28.6)4 (21.1)13 (76.5)0 (0.0)
No5 (71.4)15 (78.9)4 (23.5)20 (100.0)
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes0.476< 0.001
Yes7 (100.0)19 (100.0)14 (82.4)6 (30.0)
No0 (0.0)0 (0.0)3 (17.6)14 (70.0)
Differential degree0.706< 0.001
G10 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)19 (95.0)
G1-22 (28.6)9 (47.4)7 (41.2)0 (0.0)
G25 (71.4)10 (52.6)4 (23.5)1 (5.0)
G3-20 (0.0)0 (0.0)6 (35.3)0 (0.0)
BD: Budding grade.