Liver transplantation in the management of cholangiocarcinoma: Evolution and contemporary advances

Table 1 Summary of key contemporary series of liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma

Ref.	Country	Design	Tumour anatomical subtype	Treatments (s)	Total patients (n)	Median follow-up/yr (range)	Outcomes (5-year)1
							Overall survival (%)	Disease free survival (%)	Graft survival (%)
Azad et al[28], 2020	United States	Retrospective, single centre	Perihilar	Neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy and LT	De novo: 148, PSC: 228	-	De novo: 58 KM, PSC: 74 KM	De novo: 55 KM, PSC: 78 KM	-
Darwish Murad et al[36], 2012	United States	Retrospective, multi-centre	Perihilar	Neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy and LT	287	2.5 (0.1-17.8)	53 KM	65 KM	60 KM
Hidalgo et al[37], 2008	United Kingdom	Retrospective, single centre	Perihilar	LT	12	1.81	41 KM	-	-
Robles et al[38], 2004	Spain	Retrospective, multi-centre	Perihilar	LT	36	-	64	47	-
Ethun et al[14], 2018	United States	Retrospective, multi-centre	Perihilar	Neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy and LT	70	4.83 (0.025-10.6)	64 KM	24 KM	-
Krasnodębski et al[47], 2020	Poland	Retrospective, multi-centre	Intrahepatic	LT	8	30	25	28.6	-
Lee et al[48], 2018	United States	Retrospective, single centre	Intrahepatic	Neoadjuvant TARE/TACE/RFA and LT	17	Mean 4.2	51.9	70.6	-
Sapisochin et al[50], 2014	Spain	Retrospective, multi-centre	Intrahepatic	Neoadjuvant ethanol injection/TACE/RFA and LT	27	4.99 (0.97-11.9)	51	36	-
Sapisochin et al[51], 2016	International	Retrospective, multi-centre	Intrahepatic- early1 and advanced	Neoadjuvant ethanol injection/TACE/RFA and LT	Early1-15, Advanced-33	Early-4.78, Advanced-2.06	Early-65, Advanced-45	Early-86.7, Advanced-48.5	-
Hue et al[54], 2021	United States	Retrospective, multi-centre	Intrahepatic	Neoadjuvant chemo-radiation and LT	74	3.9	33 KM	-	-
Lunsford et al[55], 2018	United States	Prospective, single centre	Intrahepatic	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and LT	6	3 (2.42-4.25)	83.3	50	100
Wong et al[56], 2019	United States	Prospective, single centre	Intrahepatic	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and TACE and LT	5	1.84	80	60	-

¹Early tumours defined as < 2 cm in size.

PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; KM: Kaplan-Meier; LT: Liver transplant; TARE: Trans-arterial radioembolization; TACE: Trans-arterial chemoembolization; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation.