Correlation between COVID-19 and hepatitis B: A systematic review

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Site	Sample size (n)	No. of patients with HBV infection, n (%)	Major serum biochemical characteristics of co-infected patients	Outcomes
					Death, n (%)	Survival, n (%)
Guan et al[53]	China	1590	28 (1.8)	NR	1 (3.6)	27 (96.4)
Zou et al[2]	China	93	93 (100.0)	Abnormal liver function	7 (7.5)	86 (92.5)
Song et al[47]	China	4	2 (50.0)	Abnormal blood parameters	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)
Qi et al[10]	China	3	1 (33.3)	Abnormal liver enzyme	1 (100)	0 (0.0)
Hambali et al[11]	Malaysia	1	1 (100.0)	Abnormal liver enzyme	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Ali et al[12]	Qatar	1	1 (100.0)	Elevated liver enzymes	1 (100)	0 (0.0)
Zha et al[13]	China	31	2 (6.5)	Elevated liver enzymes	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)
Cai et al[14]	China	298	5 (1.7)	Elevated liver enzymes	NR	NR
Naderi et al[15]	Iran	931	13 (13.8)2	Elevated liver enzymes	0 (0.0)	13 (100.0)
Yip et al[16]	Hong Kong SAR, China	5639	353 (6.3)3	ALT abnormality	8 (2.3)	345 (97.7)
Richardson et al[17]	United States	5700	8 (0.1)	Elevated liver enzymes	NA	NA
Kang et al[54]	Korea	7723	267 (3.5)	NR	12 (5.1)	255 (94.9)
Li et al[18]	China	7	7 (100.0)	Elevated liver enzymes	0 (0.0)	7 (100.0)
Chen et al[9]	China	123	15 (12.2)	Abnormal liver enzyme	2 (13.3)	13 (86.7)
Bongiovanni et al[19]	Italy	1	1 (100.0)	Liver enzymes increased	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
He et al[20]	China	571	15 (2.6)	Liver enzymes increased	0 (0.0)	15 (100.0)
Wen et al[21]	China	110	5 (4.5)	Abnormal liver enzyme	NA	NA
Zou et al[7]	China	105	105 (100.0)	Liver enzymes increased	98 (93.3)	7 (6.7)
Wang et al[8]	China	436	109 (25.0)	Abnormal liver enzyme system	13 (11.93)	96 (88.1)
Chen et al[5]	China	326	20 (6.1)	Lower level of prealbumin	0 (0.0)	20 (100.0)
Zhang et al[22]	China	23	23 (100.0)	Liver enzymes increased	0 (0.0)	23 (100.0)
Liu et al[48]	China	220	50 (22.7)	Abnormal blood parameters	4 (8)	46 (92.0)
Yu et al[6]	China	67	7 (10.4)	No significant change	0 (0.0)	7 (100.0)
Liu et al[23]	China	714	20 (28.2)4	Abnormal liver enzyme system	0 (0.0)	20 (100.0)
Lin et al[24]	China	133	17 (12.8)	Liver enzymes increased	NR	NR
Bekçibaşı and Arslan[25]	Turkey	156	20 (12.8)	Liver enzymes increased	0 (0.0)	20 (100.0)
Colaneri et al[26]	Italy	1	1 (100.0)	Liver enzymes increased	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Ma et al[50]	China	109	1 (0.9)	Normal liver enzymes	NA	NA
Chen et al[27]	China	274	11 (4.0)	Abnormal liver function	5 (45.5)	6 (54.5)
Ding et al[28]	China	2073	134 (6.5)	Liver enzymes increased	8 (6.0)	126 (94.0)
Rodríguez-Tajes et al[29]	Spain	484	72 (14.9)	Liver enzymes increased	8 (11.1)	64 (88.9)
Parlar et al[51]	Turkey	4795	43 (9.0)2	No significant change	0 (0.0)	43 (100.0)
Yang et al[30]	China	2899	105 (3.6)	Liver enzymes increased	18 (17.1)	87 (82.9)
Yigit et al[31]	Qatar	1	1 (100.0)	Liver enzymes increased	1 (100)	0 (0.0)
Aldhaleei et al[32]	United Arab Emirates	1	1 (100.0)	Liver enzymes increased	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Ji et al[33]	China	140	7 (5.0)	Liver enzymes increased	0 (0.0)	7 (100.0)
Kim et al[34]	United States	867	62 (7.2)	Liver enzymes increased	5 (8.1)	57 (91.9)
Wang et al[35]	China	1	1 (100.0)	Abnormal liver enzyme system	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Zhong et al[36]	China	2	1 (50.0)	Liver enzymes increased	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Fernández-Ruiz et al[49]	Spain	18	2 (11.1)	Decreased white blood cells	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)
Huang et al[37]	China	1	1 (100.0)	Elevated total bilirubin	1 (100)	0 (0.0)
Patrono et al[57]	Italy	10	2 (20.0)	NR	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)
Qin et al[38]	China	1	1 (100.0)	Abnormal liver enzyme system	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Liu et al[58]	China	1	1 (100.0)	NR	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Loinaz et al[39]	Spain	19	4 (21.1)	Abnormal liver enzyme system	1 (25.0)	3 (75.0)
Adali et al[40]	Turkey	231	77 (33.3)	Abnormal liver enzyme system	6 (7.8)	71 (92.2)
Oruç et al[55]	Turkey	92	4 (4.3)	NR	0 (0.0)	4 (100.0)
Guardigni et al[56]	Italy	606	12 (2.0)	NR	NA	NA
Sagnelli et al[41]	Italy	1	1 (100.0)	Liver enzymes increased	1 (100)	0 (0.0)
Lens et al[59]	Spain	17645	9 (0.5)2	NR	0 (0.0)	9 (100.0)
Phipps et al[42]	United States	2273	15 (0.7)	Abnormal liver enzyme system	NA	NA
Li et al[52]	China	85	2 (2.4)	Normal liver enzymes	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)
Wu et al[43]	China	1	1 (100.0)	Elevated liver enzyme	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Wu et al[44]	China	620	70 (11.3)	Elevated liver enzymes	0 (0.0)	70 (100.0)
Iavarone et al[45]	Italy	50	5 (10.0)	Elevated liver enzymes	NA	NA
Marjot et al[60]	United Kingdom	745	96 (12.9)	NR	23 (24.0)	73 (76.0)
Huang et al[46]	China	1	1 (100.0)	Elevated liver enzymes	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Total	57	37375	1932

¹93 cases were the sample size of the experimental group and that of the other healthy control group was 62 cases. 93 cases were all chronic hepatitis B patients.

²Patients with co-infection with hepatitis B virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

³The 353 cases were patients with current co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), and another 359 patients with past infection with HBV were not included.

⁴Sample size after propensity score matching.

⁵All were chronic hepatitis B patients.

No.: Number; NA: Data not available; NR: Data not reported; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.