Recent advances in multidisciplinary therapy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction

Table 1 Some clinical studies of perioperative therapy in recent years

Ref.	Cancer	Cases	Groups	Conclusion
RT in EAC and EGJA
Zhou et al[33], 2021	EGJA (Siewert II)	4160	nRT vs RT	nRT improves prognosis in patients with more advanced tumors
Klevebro et al[35], 2016	Esophageal or EGJ cancer	181	nCRT vs nCT	nCRT group had higher complete response rate, R0 resection rate, and lower lymph-node metastases, without significantly affecting survival
Ristau et al[36], 2021	EC	101	RT vs CT	RT could partially compensate for CT
CT in EAC and EGJA
Mokdad et al[37], 2018	Lower EAC or EGJA	10086	CT vs observation	Most patients benefited from adjuvant CT for OS
Papaxoinis et al[38], 2019	Lower EAC or EGJA	312	nCT vs CT	No significant differences; only patients with postoperative microscopic residual disease benefited from postoperative CT
Davies et al[39], 2014	EAC or EGJA	584	Downstaging after nCT vs no response	Tumor stage after nCT is more closely associated with prognosis and eligibility for surgery
Bunting et al[41], 2018	EAC	286	Toxicity of nCT vs no toxicity	Toxicity can lead to adverse consequences, such as failure to complete CT, loss of opportunity for surgical resection, and poor OS
CRT in EAC and EGJA
Shapiro et al[44], 2015	Esophageal or EGJ cancer	368	nCT + surgery vs surgery alone	Patients with resectable esophageal or EGJ carcinoma benefited more from nCRT plus surgery than surgery alone
Zafar et al[46], 2020	Lower EAC or EGJA	13783	nCRT vs nCT	nCRT group was more likely to achieve pCR; OS was not statistically different
Al-Sukhni et al[47], 2016	EAC or EGJA	6986	nCRT vs nCT	nCRT group showed no difference in improving survival in resectable tumor
Samson et al[48], 2016	EC	7338	nCRT vs nCT	nCRT lead to more downstaging of tumor, but it is not an individual prognostic factor
Li et al[50], 2021	EGJA (Siewert II/III)	170	nCRT vs nCT	nCRT provided better survival and improved R0 removal and pCR rates more than nCT in patients with locally advanced EJGA
Tian et al[51], 2020	Gastric or EGJ adenocarcinoma	1048	Perioperative CRT vs perioperative CT	Perioperative CRT was associated with a higher pCR rate but increase the risk of mortality
Noordman et al[52], 2018	Esophageal or EGJ cancer	368	nCRT + surgery vs surgery alone	Physical function and frailty remained relatively low in nCRT group, but no adverse effects on long-term HRQoL were observed
Noordman et al[53], 2019	Esophageal or EGJ cancer	96	nCRT	HRQoL reduced in short-term, but would return to baseline
Noordman et al[54], 2018	Esophageal or EGJ cancer	363	nCRT + surgery vs surgery alone	nCRT had no significant effect on postoperative HRQoL
Nilsson et al[55], 2020	Esophageal or EGJ cancer	249	Standard TTS vs prolonged TTS	Time to surgery (TTS) after nCRT had no significant effect on short-term prognosis

RT: Radiotherapy; EAC: Esophageal adenocarcinoma; EGJA: Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction; EGJ: Esophagogastric junction; TTS: Time to surgery; HRQoL: Health-related quality of life; CT: Chemotherapy; CRT: Chemoradiotherapy; pCR: Pathological complete response; OS: Overall survival; nRT: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy; nCT: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy; nCRT: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.