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©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 14, 2022; 28(30): 4211-4220
Published online Aug 14, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i30.4211
Published online Aug 14, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i30.4211
Ref. | Age | Sex | Symptoms | Location | Imaging findings | Preoperative diagnosis | Treatment |
Shimura et al[10] | 70 | F | Abdominal discomfort | Extrahepatic bile duct | US: Hypoechoic tumor, bile duct slightly dilated | Did not indicate bile duct carcinoma | Bile duct excision and a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy |
CT: Round, hyperdense, distinct margin tumor | |||||||
Angiography: No encasement of the surrounding major vessels | |||||||
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography: A protuberant nodule | |||||||
Intraductal ultrasonography: A smooth hypoechoic tumor | |||||||
Watanabe et al[11] | 48 | M | Jaundice | Extrahepatic bile duct | Cholangiogram via the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tube: The extrahepatic bile duct severely stenotic | ND | Bile duct excision and a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy |
Iannelli et al[12] | 81 | M | Jaundice | Common bile duct | US: Dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts | ND | Bile duct excision and a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy |
MRCP: A focal stricture | |||||||
Ueno et al[2] | 60 | M | Jaundice | Mid-common bile duct | US: Dilatation of the bile ducts, a mildly echogenic mass | Could not confirm benign or malignant nature | Bile duct excision and a hepato-jejunal anastomosis |
CT: Dilatation of the bile ducts, a markedly enhanced nodule | |||||||
MRI: Dilatation of the bile ducts. Homogeneous enhanced nodule with an iso-intense to the aorta, both in the arterial and portal phase | |||||||
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography: Dilatation of the bile ducts and a smooth stricture | |||||||
Choi et al[13] | 46 | M | Increased liver enzymes | Right hepatic duct | CT: A mass approximately 2 cm | A bile duct cancer could not be excluded | Right hemihepatectomy |
MRI: A mass approximately 2 cm | |||||||
Kim et al[14] | 76 | M | ND | Mid-bile duct | CT: A small enhancing nodule | ND | Segmental resection with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy |
MRC: Eccentric wall thickening of the bile duct consistent with a neoplasm | |||||||
Cheng et al[15] | 33 | F | Jaundice and weight loss | Remnant choledochal cyst | MRI: A mass | Cholangiocarcinoma | Excision of the remnant choledochal cyst and a new hepaticojejunostomy |
Cheng et al[16] | 56 | M | Jaundice, abdominal pain and weight loss | Distal extrahepatic bile duct | US: Dilatation of bile duct | Ampullary or periampullary carcinoma | Pancreaticoduodenectomy |
MRI: Dilatation of bile duct, a filling-defect in the distal bile duct and a thickened biliary wall around the ampulla of Vater | |||||||
Cheng et al[17] | 68 | M | Progressive jaundice and abdominal pain | Bifurcation of the left and right hepatic duct | MRI: A mass with enhancement, a stricture of the hilar bile duct, dilatation of bile ducts | Cholangiocarcinoma | Excision of the mass and a new Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy |
Navez et al[18] | ND | ND | Jaundice (3 patients) or liver function test alteration (1 patient), a retro-obstructive choleperitoneum on the downstream biliary stenosis (1 patient) | Anastomotic biliary stricture | CT: Anastomotic biliary stricture (4 patients) | ND | Traumatic biliary neuromas resection combined with hepaticojejunostomy (1 patient); traumatic biliary neuromas resection and duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction protected by a T-tube (4 patients) |
MRI: A markedly homogeneous high intensity nodule enhanced on portal-phase (1 patient), anastomotic biliary stricture (4 patients) | |||||||
Terzi et al[19] | 17 | F | Persistent elevated transaminase and bilirubin levels | Anastomotic biliary | Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography: A biliary stricture at the anastomosis | ND | Resection of the bile duct stricture and a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy |
Toyonaga et al[20] | 76 | F | A bile duct nodule | Proximal common bile duct | CT: An 8 mm, smooth, and uniformly enhanced nodule | Submucosal tumor | Biopsy, observation for 1 year, no changes to the nodule |
Contrast enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography: A clear boundary and a low echoic nodule, uniformly enhanced at early | |||||||
Cholangioscopy: A smooth elevated lesion, covered with normal mucosa | |||||||
Yang et al[21] | 65 | M | Jaundice | Right bile duct | MRI: A 1.0 cm × 1.5 cm mass | Cholangiocarcinoma | Resection of the mass and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. |
Hirohata et al[22] | 60 | F | No chief complaint | Junction of the cystic duct | US: A 6 mm round tumor, surrounding lymph nodes were not swollen | Cholangiocarcinoma | Surgery |
MRI: A slightly high signal on T2 and the periphery remnant cystic duct of the tumor presented as a high-intensity lesion on T2 | |||||||
EUS: A residual cystic duct tumor with enhancement | |||||||
ERCP: Not invade the common bile duct | |||||||
Yasuda et al[23] | 76 | M | ND | Stump of the dilatated cystic duct | EUS: A hypoechoic oval mass with a hyperechoic rim on the surface, 14 mm in diameter, hypervascularity | Amputation neuroma | Biopsy, observation |
Cholangiogram: A hemispherical defect | |||||||
Cholangioscopy: A hemispherical mass covered with thin normal cystic duct epithelium | |||||||
Lalchandani et al[24] | 41 | M | Epigastric pain, weight loss, tea-colored urine | Common hepatic duct | US: Dilation of the bile ducts | Acute cholangitis | First: Biliary stent Finally: Bile duct resection and hepaticojejunostomy |
ERCP: A 3-4 cm stricture | |||||||
Kim et al[25] | 72 | M | A duodenal subepithelial tumor during a medical checkup | Near the duodenal wall and the cystic duct stump | CT: A 1.4 cm mass | Duodenal subepithelial tumor | Resection of the mass and duodenal wall, en-block resection of the mass and cystic duct origin |
EUS: An 18 mm hypoechoic mass | |||||||
Nechi et al[26] | 76 | M | Jaundice | The transition zone between the common hepatic duct and the main bile duct | US: Dilation of the bile ducts, a 5 mm hypoechoic nodule | Could not confirm benign or malignant nature | Resection of the main bile duct with a choledocho-duodenal anastomosis |
MRI: Dilation of the common hepatic duct |
- Citation: Yuan ZQ, Yan HL, Li JW, Luo Y. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of a traumatic neuroma of the extrahepatic bile duct: A case report and review of literature. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28(30): 4211-4220
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v28/i30/4211.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28.i30.4211