Snare-assisted flexible endoscope in trans-gastric endoscopic gallbladder-preserving surgery: A pilot animal study

Table 1 Differences in surgical indicators between the two groups of animals

Content	NC group	SA group	t value	P value
Time required for gallbladder incision (min)	18.5 ± 7.0	10.0 ± 1.8	2.335	0.058
Bleeding volume of gallbladder incision (mL)	7.5 ± 2.9	2.0 ± 2.2	3.051	0.022
Number of gallbladder disorientations	2.0 ± 0.8	1.3 ± 0.5	1.567	0.168
Longest time of gallbladder disorientation (min)	11.5 ± 4.7	2.0 ± 0.8	4.020	0.007
Time involved in closing the gallbladder (min)	18.3 ± 1.7	12.5 ± 2.1	4.271	0.005
Number of clamps used to close the gallbladder (pieces)	6.3 ± 0.5	6.5 ± 1.0	-0.447	0.670
Total operation time (min)	142.3 ± 10.2	102.5 ± 5.5	6.853	0.000
NASA-TLX mental demand	18.5 ± 2.1	11.5 ± 1.9	4.950	0.003
NASA-TLX physical	18.0 ± 1.6	11.0 ± 1.4	6.481	0.001
NASA-TLX temporal demand	18.8 ± 1.0	11.3 ± 2.6	5.359	0.002
NASA-TLX effort	18.5 ± 1.3	11.5 ± 2.4	5.170	0.004
NASA-TLX frustration	15.0 ± 2.9	7.5 ± 1.3	4.666	0.003

NASA-TLX: National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index; NC: Control; SA: Snare assisted.

Table 2 Comparison of blood indices of the two groups of animals at 24 h and 28 d after operation

Blood	24 h after operation				28 d after operation
	NC group	SA group	t value	P value	NC group	SA group	t value	P value
Number of white blood cells (× 109/L)	28.83 ± 3.43	30.10 ± 3.47	-0.521	0.621	26.16 ± 3.64	25.59 ± 4.40	0.201	0.847
Number of neutrophils (× 109/L)	18.39 ± 1.67	19.76 ± 3.65	-0.682	0.521	16.03 ± 1.31	16.67 ± 2.39	-0.472	0.654
Number of lymphocytes (× 109/L)	8.63 ± 3.71	9.35 ± 1.30	-0.368	0.732	8.79 ± 2.68	7.95 ± 2.34	0.472	0.654
Number of red blood cells (× 1012/L)	7.12 ± 0.92	6.23 ± 0.41	1.763	0.128	6.27 ± 0.26	5.79 ± 0.43	1.909	0.105
Hemoglobin (g/L)	129.3 ± 8.5	115.8 ± 6.9	2.466	0.049	120.50 ± 3.42	111.50 ± 5.69	2.714	0.035
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	1.85 ± 0.98	2.73 ± 0.74	-1.426	0.204	2.30 ± 0.96	2.73 ± 0.62	-0.743	0.486
Direct bilirubin (μmol/L)	1.28 ± 0.99	2.15 ± 0.66	-1.469	0.192	1.58 ± 0.87	2.05 ± 0.59	-0.901	0.402
ALT (U/L)	58.3 ± 22.9	41.5 ± 3.7	1.446	0.198	49.75 ± 11.32	40.50 ± 2.08	1.607	0.201
AST (U/L)	78.3 ± 66.3	50.8 ± 12.7	0.815	0.446	61.25 ± 19.36	49.75 ± 8.26	1.093	0.317
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	183.5 ± 35.9	189.8 ± 57.3	-0.185	0.859	178.75 ± 36.29	176.00 ± 38.40	0.104	0.920
γ-GT (U/L)	73.8 ± 32.9	77.8 ± 20.3	-0.207	0.843	72.50 ± 16.76	64.25 ± 12.31	0.793	0.458
Amylase (U/L)	2684.8 ± 465.9	2829.5 ± 170.6	-0.584	0.581	2583.25 ± 130.31	2770.00 ± 102.56	-2.252	0.065

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; γ-GT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; NC: Control; SA: Snare assisted.