Microbiologic risk factors of recurrent choledocholithiasis post-endoscopic sphincterotomy

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of choledocholithiasis patients

	Stable (n = 39)	Relapse (n = 4)	P value
Age (yr) (range)	47 (38-64)	44 (38-46)	0.142
Sex
Male (cases) (%)	24 (61.54)	3 (75.00)	0.626
Female (cases) (%)	15 (38.46)	1 (25.00)
History of smoking (cases) (%)	10 (25.64)	1 (25.00)	0.978
Comorbidities
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	4 (10.26)	1 (25.00)	0.381
Hypertension	6 (15.38)	1 (25.00)	0.620
Hyperlipoidemia	13 (33.33)	2 (50.00)	0.505
Accompanied diagnosis
Cholelithiasis (cases) (%)	11 (28.21)	2 (50.00)	0.366
Acute cholangitis (cases) (%)	4 (10.26)	1 (25.00)	0.381
Pancreatitis (cases) (%)	1 (2.56)	0 (0.00)	-
Serum biochemical indexes
ALT (U/L)	161.50 ± 159.11	67.75 ± 75.61	0.210
AST (U/L)	128.51 ± 151.74	34.75 ± 38.20	0.063
Total Bilirubin (μmol/L)	92.19 ± 82.97	24.23 ± 23.50	0.057
Direct Bilirubin (μmol/L)	84.92 ± 91.99	18.73 ± 23.69	0. 060
Amylase (U/L)	118.69 ± 192.30	77.50 ± 30.39	0.544
Follow-up time (d)	369.80 ± 2.67	372.00 ± 4.00	0.101
Recurrent time from EST (d)	-	208.80 ± 87.97	-
Stone components
Brown pigment (cases) (%)	29 (74.36)	2 (50.00)	0.303
Black pigment (cases) (%)	8 (20.51)	1 (25.00)
Cholesterol (cases) (%)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)
Mixed component (cases) (%)	2 (5.13)	1 (25.00)

EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy.

Table 2 Core microbiome in bile of choledocholithiasis patients with different prognosis

Core microbiome	Type	Group	Recurrent. Occ	Stable. Occ
Clostridium	Unique	Stable	0	0.44
Enterococcus	Unique		0	0.44
Unclassified genus of Aeromonadaceae	Unique		0.25	0.49
Fusobacterium	Core	Recurrent&Stable	1	0.41
Prevotella	Core		0.5	0.56
Streptococcus	Core		0.5	0.67
Unclassified genus of Clostridiaceae	Core		0.75	0.49
Unclassified genus of Enterobacteriaceae	Core		0.5	0.69
Campylobacter	Unique	Recurrent	0.5	0.18
Leptotrichia	Unique		0.75	0.28
Neisseria	Unique		0.75	0.31
Oribacterium	Unique		0.5	0.18
Veillonella	Unique		0.5	0.38