Case Control Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 7, 2020; 26(45): 7153-7172
Published online Dec 7, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i45.7153
Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and healthy controls
Features
IBS-D patients
Controls
P value
n5528NA
Age in yr35.1 ± 9.834.4 ± 10.60.754
Gender, male: Female41: 145: 20.761
Body mass index in kg/m223.3 ± 3.422.6 ± 3.10.335
Duration of disease in yr3.0 (1.5, 7.0)NANA
Defecation frequency3.5 (2.5, 4.0)1.0 (0.7, 1.0)< 0.001
BSFS score5.5 (5.0, 6.0)4.0 (4.0, 4.0)< 0.001
IBS-SSS180.0 (150.0, 240.0)NANA
Abdominal pain severity40.0 (20.0, 50.0)NANA
Abdominal pain frequency30.0 (20.0, 40.0)NANA
Abdominal bloating10.0 (0.0, 20.0)NANA
Bowel habit dissatisfaction60.0 (60.0, 70.0)NANA
Overall interference with QOL30.0 (30.0, 50.0)NANA
HADS anxiety score5.0 (3.0, 10.0) 2.0 (0.0, 3.8)< 0.001
HADS depression score4.0 (1.0, 7.0)1.5 (0.0, 3.8)0.009
VSI score30.0 (19.0, 42.0)4.0 (0.0, 13.3)< 0.001
The data are presented as the mean ± SD or the median (Q1, Q3). BSFS: Bristol stool form scale; HADS: Hospital anxiety and depression scale; IBS-D: Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea; IBS-SSS: Irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity scale; NA: Not applicable; QOL: Quality of life; VSI: Visceral sensitivity index.
Table 2 Visceral sensation thresholds in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and healthy controls
Visceral sensation threshold in mL
IBS-D patients, n = 23
Controls, n = 15
P value
First sensation threshold40 (20, 50)40 (35, 60)0.235
Defecating sensation threshold60 (50, 85)70 (65, 100)0.073
Maximum sensation threshold105 (90, 120)160 (145, 190)< 0.001
The data are expressed as median (Q1, Q3). IBS-D: Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea.
Table 3 Levels of fecal bile acids in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and controls
Bile acids in nmol/g
IBS-D patients, n = 55
Controls, n = 28
P value
CA3037.66 (282.82, 6917.47)20.19 (5.03, 1304.28)< 0.001
CDCA1721.86 (352.80, 2613.83)57.16 (13.76, 1639.92)< 0.001
DCA2012.66 (232.57, 2659.34)2159.78 (1676.03, 3094.08)0.084
LCA1621.65 (58.99, 2396.49)2339.24 (1737.09, 2782.40)0.002
UDCA8.92 (2.33, 23.93)17.21 (8.76, 33.48)0.025
TCA5.36 (0.62, 26.39)0.72 (0.46, 2.11)0.004
TCDCA6.85 (1.54, 22.89)1.41 (0.37, 3.58)0.001
TDCA1.53 (0.93, 8.08)1.75 (0.86, 6.63)1.000
TLCA0.88 (0.57, 1.85)1.03 (0.36, 2.80)0.908
TUDCA1.43 (0.68, 2.61)0.37 (0.07, 1.23)0.002
GCA4.36 (2.31, 17.52)2.23 (1.39, 3.55)< 0.001
GCDCA17.47 (5.61, 51.56)5.17 (2.56, 10.51)< 0.001
GDCA3.32 (0.63, 10.63)2.67 (1.44, 6.83)0.867
GLCA0.64 (0.39, 1.61)0.91 (0.41, 1.28)0.282
GUDCA1.27 (0.56, 4.76)0.65 (0.38, 0.87)0.002
Total BAs8227.35 (5218.49, 12464.03)5220.28 (3971.35, 8272.29)0.011
Unconjugated BAs8197.73 (5135.49, 11622.72)5183.71 (3945.65, 8253.23)0.017
Conjugated BAs55.28 (27.09, 198.08)28.51 (9.68, 36.32)0.002
Tauro-BAs23.00 (5.03, 58.65)6.34 (2.52, 18.05)0.006
Glyco-BAs28.03 (13.20, 69.07)12.77 (6.18, 23.15)< 0.001
CBA/UBA ratio0.0080 (0.0036, 0.0172)0.0035 (0.0019, 0.0058)0.004
Primary BAs5534.22 (672.24, 10546.54)85.88 (27.08, 3197.10)< 0.001
Secondary BAs3759.10 (336.36, 4694.96)4675.59 (3543.60, 5623.73)0.009
PBA/SBA ratio1.66 (0.22, 11.14)0.02 (0.01, 0.57)< 0.001
The bile acids data are presented as the median (Q1, Q3). The P value after FDR correction was presented in the table. BAs: Bile acids; CA: Cholic acid; CBA/UBA ratio: The ratio of conjugated BAs to unconjugated BAs; CDCA: Chenodeoxycholic acid; DCA: Deoxycholic acid; GCA: Glyco-cholic acid; GCDCA: Glyco-chenodeoxycholic acid; GDCA: Glyco-deoxycholic acid; GLCA: Glyco-lithocholic acid; GUDCA: Glyco-ursodeoxycholic acid; IBS-D: Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea; LCA: Lithocholic acid; PBA/SBA ratio: The ratio of primary BAs to secondary Bas; TCA: Tauro-cholic acid; TCDCA: Tauro-chenodeoxycholic acid; TDCA: Tauro-deoxycholic acid; TLCA: Tauro-lithocholic acid; TUDCA: Tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid.