Associations of content and gene polymorphism of macrophage inhibitory factor-1 and chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between chronic hepatitis C and groups

Parameter	Control group, n = 82	CHC group, n = 178	χ2 or Z	P value
Sex, M/F	47/35	99/79	χ2 = 0.066	0.798
Age in yr, ≤ 40/> 40	63/61	44/38	χ2 = 0.161	0.688
ALT in U/L, M/P5/P95	25.5/13.6/43.3	44.6/14.3/128.3	Z = -6.641	< 0.001
AST in U/L, M/P5/P95	21.6/11.3/35.8	41.4/19.3/115.2	Z = -8.925	< 0.001
TP in g/L, M/P5/P95	74.5/66.7/84.7	69.2/54.2/85.8	Z = -2.690	0.008
ALB in g/L, M/P5/P95	45.6/38.3/55.8	42.5/27.5/55.7	Z = -3.638	< 0.001
TBIL in mol/L, M/P5/P95	17.4/10.0/32.4	17.9/11.3/42.5	Z = -2.030	0.035
PIIINP in ng/mL, M/P5/P95	16.7/9.4/24.6	27.6/9.6/120.4	Z = -7.348	< 0.001
CIV in ng/mL, M/P5/P95	17.5/11.0/25.5	28.9/11.8/142.6	Z = -8.294	< 0.001
PLT as 109/L, M/P5/P95	204.0/121.5/286.4	177.0/56.0/289.0	Z = -2.780	0.003
MIC-1 in pg/mL, M/P5/P95	324.6/146.7/725.8	407.7/149.2/1535.5	Z = -3.072	0.001

ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CHC: Chronic hepatitis C; CIV: Type IV collagen; MIC-1: Macrophage inhibitory factor-1; PIIINP: Type III procollagen N-terminal peptide; PLT: Platelet; TBIL: Total bilirubin; TP: Total protein.

Table 2 Genotypes and allele distribution in subjects

Genotype	Control group, n = 82	CHC group, n = 178	χ2	P value	P value1	OR value (95%CI)
rs1059369 gene
AA	32 (0.390)	58 (0.326)	4.142	0.126	0.252
AT	42 (0.512)	85 (0.478)
TT	8 (0.098)	35 (0.197)
A	106 (0.646)	201 (0.565)	3.102	0.078	0.156	0.710 (0.484-1.040)
T	58 (0.354)	155 (0.435)
Het	0.4574	0.4916
PIC	0.3528	0.3707
rs1059519 gene
CC	16 (0.195)	17 (0.096)	7.191	0.028	0.056
CG	33 (0.402)	63 (0.354)
GG	33 (0.402)	98 (0.551)
C	65 (0.396)	97 (0.272)	8.032	0.004	0.008	0.570 (0.386-0.843)
G	99 (0.604)	259 (0.728)
Het	0.4784	0.396
PIC	0.364	0.3176
Haplotype
AC	65.00 (0.396)	97.00 (0.272)	8.033	0.005		0.570 (0.386-0.843)
AG	41.00 (0.250)	104.00 (0.292)	0.991	0.319		1.238 (0.813-1.886)
TG	58.00 (0.354)	155.00 (0.435)	3.102	0.078		1.409 (0.961-2.066)
TC	0.00 (0.000)	0.00 (0.000)

¹P values were adjusted by Bonferroni correction; P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. CHC: Chronic hepatitis C; Het: Heterozygosity; OR: Odds ratio; PIC: Polymorphic information content.

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis results of chronic hepatitis C and control group populations

Parameters	B value	SD	Wald χ2 value	P value	OR value (95%CI)
AST in U/L	0.127	0.022	34.365	< 0.001	1.135 (1.082%CI)
ALB in g/L	-0.030	0.029	1.068	0.301	0.971 (0.917%CI)
TBIL in mol/L	0.015	0.030	0.230	0.631	1.015 (0.956-1.077)
PIIINP in ng/mL	0.157	0.035	16.016	0.000	1.170 (1.093-1.252)
PLT as 109/L	-0.001	0.003	0.198	0.657	0.999 (0.992-1.005)
MIC-1 in pg/mL	0.002	0.001	5.369	0.020	1.002 (1.000-1.004)
rs1059519 CC
rs1059519 CG	0.067	0.414	0.026	0.872	1.070 (0.474-2.410)
rs1059519 GG	1.402	0.593	5.598	0.026	4.065 (1.272-12.987)

ALB: Albumin; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; MIC-1: Macrophage inhibitory factor-1; PIIINP: Type III procollagen N-terminal peptide; PLT: Platelet; OR: Odds ratio; TBIL: Total bilirubin.

Table 4 Correlation between rs1059519 gene polymorphism and other parameters in chronic hepatitis C patients

Group	n	Genotype			χ2	P value	Allele		χ2	P value	OR value (95%CI)
		CC	CG	GG			C	G
Sex
M	99	10 (0.101)	40 (0.404)	49 (0.495)	2.906	0.233	60 (0.303)	138 (0.697)	2.102	0.147	0.703 (0.437-1.133)
F	79	7 (0.089)	23 (0.291)	49 (0.620)			37 (0.234)	121 (0.766)
Age in yr
≤ 40	84	8 (0.095)	31 (0.369)	45 (0.536)	0.166	0.920	47 (0.280)	121 (0.720)	0.085	0.770	0.933 (0.585-1.488)
> 40	94	9 (0.096)	32 (0.340)	53 (0.564)			50 (0.266)	138 (0.734)
ALT in U/L
≤ 50	82	9 (0.094)	33 (0.344)	54 (0.562)	0.122	0.941	51 (0.266)	141 (0.734)	0.099	0.753	1.07 (0.6759-1.720)
> 50	96	8 (0.098)	30 (0.366)	44 (0.537)			46 (0.280)	118 (0.720)
TBIL in mol/L
≤ 34.2	144	12 (0.083)	49 (0.340)	83 (0.576)	2.480	0.289	73 (0.253)	215 (0.747)	2.746	0.097	1.606 (0.914-2.823)
> 34.2	34	5 (0.147)	14 (0.412)	15 (0.441)			24 (0.353)	44 (0.647)
ALB in g/L
≤ 40	82	9 (0.110)	25 (0.305)	48 (0.585)	1.692	0.429	43 (0.262)	121 (0.738)	0.162	0.687	1.101 (0.689-1.760)
> 40	96	8 (0.083)	38 (0.396)	50 (0.521)			54 (0.281)	138 (0.719)
CIV in ng/mL
≤ 30	120	14 (0.117)	44 (0.367)	62 (0.517)	2.664	0.264	42 (0.300)	168 (0.700)	2.816	0.093	0.641 (0.380-1.080)
> 30	58	3 (0.052)	19 (0.328)	36 (0.621)			25 (0.216)	91 (0.784)
PLT as 109/L
≤ 100	43	5 (0.116)	16 (0.372)	22 (0.512)	0.465	0.793	26 (0.302)	60 (0.698)	0.510	0.475	0.823 (0.483-1.404)
> 100	135	12 (0.089)	47 (0.348)	76 (0.563)			71 (0.263)	199 (0.737)
HCV RNA as copies/mL
≤ 2 × 106	69	9 (0.130)	21 (0.304)	39 (0.565)	2.266	0.322	39 (0.283)	99 (0.717)	0.117	0.733	0.920 (0.571-1.483)
> 2 × 106	109	8 (0.073)	42 (0.385)	59 (0.541)			58 (0.266)	160 (0.734)

ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; CIV: Type IV collagen; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; OR: Odds ratio; PLT: Platelet; TBIL: Total bilirubin.