Modified percutaneous transhepatic papillary balloon dilation for patients with refractory hepatolithiasis

Table 1 Patient and treatment characteristics

Characteristic	n (%)
No. of patients	21
Gender
Female	10 (47.6)
Male	11 (58.8)
Comorbidity
Emphysema	5 (23.8)
Pulmonary insufficiency	6 (28.6)
Coronary artery disease	4 (19)
Cardiac insufficiency	5 (23.8)
Hypoproteinemia	1 (4.8)
Concomitant CBD stones	16 (76.2)
Symptoms
Obstructive jaundice	11 (52.4)
Fever	6 (28.6)
Abdominal pain	4 (19)
Success rate	20 (95.2)
No. of IHS	36
Diameter of largest IHS
5-10 mm	17 (47.2)
10-15 mm	19 (52.8)
No. of CBD stones	22
Diameter of Largest CBD stones
5-10 mm	4 (18.2)
10-15 mm	5 (22.7)
15-20 mm	8 (36.4)
20-25 mm	4 (18.2)
25-28 mm	1 (4.5)
Total No. of stones	58
Types of stones
Cholesterol stone	27 (45.7)
Mixed stone	25 (43.1)
Bilirubin stone	6 (10.3)

IHS: Intrahepatic bile duct stones; CBD: Common bile duct.

Table 2 Relevant variables before and 1 wk after the procedure

Laboratory variables	Before the procedure	1 wk after the procedure	P value1
AST, U/L	128.6 ± 14.3	42.8 ± 7.9	0.0069
TBIL, µmol/L	169.5 ± 16.7	68.7 ± 8.4	0.0093
DBIL, µmol/L	110.7 ± 19.4	35.2 ± 6.3	0.0054
WBC, 109/L	23.9 ± 3.3	11.4 ± 2.8	0.037
ALB, g/L	20.8 ± 2.6	33.5 ± 1.7	0.041

¹Rank sum test for paired samples. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; WBC: White blood cell; ALB: Albumin.