Hepatoprotective effects of Hovenia dulcis seeds against alcoholic liver injury and related mechanisms investigated via network pharmacology

Table 1 Ferric-reducing antioxidant power, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, total phenol content, and total flavonoid content values of Hovenia dulcis seeds

FRAP value, μmol Fe2+/g DW	TEAC value, μmol TE/g DW	TPC value, mg GAE/g DW	TFC value, mg QE/g DW	PSC value, mg GE/g DW
245.11 ± 10.17	284.35 ± 23.57	6.29 ± 0.56	2.25 ± 0.17	0.03 ± 0.00

FRAP: Ferric-reducing antioxidant power; TEAC: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; TPC: Total phenol content; TFC: Total flavonoid content; PSC: Polysaccharide content; DW: Dried weight.

Table 2 Effects of Hovenia dulcis seeds on serum biomarkers

Group	ALT, U/L	AST, U/L	TBIL, μmol/L	sTG, mmol/L
Control	28.43 ± 4.27	118.19 ± 8.38	1.84 ± 0.26	1.30 ± 0.12
Model	44.14 ± 3.47b	141.23 ± 5.39a	2.50 ± 0.37b	1.85 ± 0.25a
Treatment	32.57 ± 5.69d	123.91 ± 11.09d	2.19 ± 0.21c	1.42 ± 0.21d

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs control group.

^cP < 0.05,

^dP < 0.01 vs model group. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; sTG: Serum triglyceride.