Clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with biliary disease

Table 1 Clinical characteristics and factors related to bile culture positive rates

	Group 1 (n = 601) (%)	Group 2 (n = 738) (%)	Total (n = 1339) (%)	P value
Age (mean in years)	60.93 ± 14.99	63.62 ± 14.72	62.42 ± 14.90	0.000a
Sex (male)	293 (48.75)	375 (50.81)	668 (49.89)	0.453
Clinical manifestations
Fever	62 (10.32)	206 (27.91)	268 (20.01)	0.000a
Abdominal pain	459 (76.37)	606 (82.11)	1065 (79.54)	0.906
Jaundice	252 (41.93)	327 (44.31)	579 (43.24)	0.382
Benign diseases	405 (67.39)	554 (75.07)	959 (71.62)	0.002a
Malignant diseases	196 (32.61)	184 (24.93)	380 (28.38)
History of biliary tract diseases	191 (31.78)	369 (50.00)	560 (41.82)	0.000a
History of biliary tract surgery	128 (21.30)	329 (44.58)	457 (34.13)	0.000a
Comorbidities
Diabetes	77 (12.81)	86 (11.65)	163 (12.17)	0.519
Hypertension	170 (28.29)	182 (24.66)	352 (26.29)	0.134
Brain infarction	52 (8.65)	56 (7.59)	108 (8.07)	0.477
Coronary heart disease	30 (4.99)	33 (4.47)	63 (4.71)	0.655
Chronic bronchitis	14 (2.33)	19 (2.57)	33 (2.46)	0.774
Chronic renal insufficiency	4 (0.67)	19 (2.57)	23 (1.72)	0.007a

Group 1: 601 cases with negative bile culture; Group 2: 738 cases with positive bile culture. Significance differences were calculated using the χ² or t-test.

^aP < 0.05.

Table 2 Antibiotic susceptibility and resistance profile of bacteria

Antibiotic	Escherichia coli (n = 312) (%)	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 74) (%)	Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 85) (%)	Enterococcus faecium (n = 51) (%)
Ceftriaxone	251 (80.45%)	58 (78.38%)	61 (71.76%)	NA
Ampicillin	277 (88.78%)	74 (100%)	81 (95.29%)	37 (72.55%)
Piperacillin/tazobactam	37 (11.86%)	9 (12.16%)	18 (21.18%)	28 (54.90%)
Quinolones	204 (65.38%)	11 (14.86%)	34 (40.00%)	34 (66.67%)
Carbapenems	0 (0%)	17 (22.97%)	2 (2.35%)	NA
Vancomycin	NA	NA	NA	0 (0%)
Gentamicin	144 (46.15%)	9 (12.16%)	43 (50.59%)	18 (35.29%)
Linezolid	NA	NA	NA	0 (0%)

NA: Not applicable.

Table 3 Distribution of bacteria identified in 738 bile samples with positive bile culture based on the different diseases caused by them

Bacteria	Benign diseases (n = 554) (%)	Malignant diseases (n = 184) (%)	Total (n = 738) (%)	P value
Escherichia coli	231 (41.7)	81 (44.02)	312 (42.28)	0.580
Enterococcus faecium	39 (7.04)	12 (6.52)	51 (6.91)	0.810
Klebsiella pneumoniae	55 (9.93)	30 (16.30)	85 (11.52)	0.019a
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	55 (9.93)	19 (10.33)	74 (10.03)	0.876
Proteus mirabilis	14 (2.53)	7 (3.8)	21 (2.85)	0.367
Staphylococcus	40 (7.22)	21 (11.41)	61 (8.27)	0.074

Main bacteria were identified in 738 bile samples from 738 patients; 554 patients with benign diseases and 184 with malignant diseases. Significant differences were calculated using the χ² test.

^aP < 0.05.