Radiomics model based on preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for predicting liver failure

Table 1 Categories of the quantitative radiomics features obtained for analysis

Groups	Detailed parameters
First-order and distribution statistics, n = 23	Minimum intensity, Maximum intensity, Mean intensity, Median intensity, Standard deviation, Variance, Volume count, Voxel value sum, Range mean deviation, Relative deviation, Skewness, Kurtosis, Uniformity, Energy, Entropy, Frequency size, Quantile 5, Quantile 10, Quantile 25, Quantile 50, Quantile 75, Quantile 90, Quantile 95
Gray-level co-occurrence matrix, n = 28	Glcm bin size, Glcm total frequency, Glcm matrix mean, Glcm relative Frequency, Energy, Entropy, Inertia, Correlation, Inverse difference moment, Cluster shade, Cluster prominence, Haralick correlation, Haralick entropy, Angular second moment, Contrast, Haralick variance, sum Average, sum Variance, sum Entropy, Difference variance, Difference entropy, Inverse difference moment normalized, Minimum intensity, Maximum intensity, Number of intensity bins, Minimum size, Maximum size, Number of size bins
Gray-level run length matrix, n = 10	Short run emphasis (SRE), Long run emphasis (LRE), Gray level non-uniformity (GLN), Run length non-uniformity (RLN), Low gray level run emphasis (LGLRE), High gray level run emphasis (HGLRE), Short run low gray level emphasis (SRLGLE), Short run high gray level emphasis (SRHGLE), Long run low gray level emphasis (LRLGLE), Long run high gray level emphasis (LRHGLE)

Table 2 Clinicopathological characteristics of 101 hepatitis B virus-related cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

	Patients with	Patients without	P value
	Liver failure, n = 15	Liver failure, n = 86
Sex			0.439
Male	9 (90)	50 (89)
Female	1 (10)	6 (12)
Age in yr	55 (22-78)	55 (40-67)	0.958
Primary tumor
Tumor size in mm12	59 (15-154)	38 (10-197)	0.069
Single, n	4 (27)	60 (70)
Multiple in n	11 (73)	26 (30)
Baseline serological index1
Aspartate aminotransferase in IU/L	59 (17-116)	33 (17-1663)	0.030
Alanine aminotransferase in IU/L	34 (17-98)	31 (11-1491)	0.248
Total bilirubin in mg/dL	18.2 (8.2-37.9)	15.7 (3.2-35.5)	0.314
Albumin in g/L	38.7 (30.9-45.8)	40.3 (23.0-50.3)	0.135
Alkaline phosphatase in U/L	131 (71-365)	91 (41-410)	0.004
Platelet as /L	200 (111-496)	188 (49-489)	0.462
Prothrombin time in s	12.8 (11.3-14.9)	12.3 (10.6-16.8)	0.138
Cholinesterase in U/L	6271 (2522-8417)	6714 (2334-12360)	0.110
ICG test1
Elimination rate constant in K as min-1	0.13 (0.09-0.19)	0.21 (0.12-0.29)	0.308
Retention rate at 15 min as R15 in %	8.2 (1.3-28.4)	12.8 (6.1-18.0)	0.002
The half-life as T1/2 in min	6.36 (3.73-7.88)	3.27 (2.39-5.68)	0.061
Baseline score
Child-Pugh classification			0.786
A	15 (100)	81 (94)
B	0 (0)	5 (6)
C	0 (0)	0 (0)
Fibrosis grade on specimen			0.174
F1	1 (7)	9 (11)
F2	0 (0)	8 (9)
F3	0 (0)	7 (8)
F4	9 (60)	14 (16)
N/A	5 (33)	48 (56)

Data are numbers of patients, with percentages in parentheses, except otherwise indicated.

¹Numbers in parentheses are ranges;

²If the number of lesions is greater than 2, the largest lesion was chosen to measure the maximal dimension. N/A: Not available.

Table 3 Receiver operating characteristics analysis of the predictive value of clinical prediction model, radiomics signature and radiomics-based model

	Clinical prediction model	Radiomics signature	Radiomics-based model
AUC (95%CI)	0.810 (0.691-0.929)	0.809 (0.713-0.906)	0.894 (0.823-0.964)
Optimized Youden Index	0.579	0.556	0.712
Sensitivity (95%CI)	0.800 (0.514-0.947)	0.800 (0.514-0.947)	0.933 (0.660-0.997)
Specificity (95%CI)	0.779 (0.674-0.858)	0.756 (0.649-0.839)	0.779 (0.674-0.859)
PPV (95%CI)	0.387 (0.224-0.577)	0.364 (0.210-0.549)	0.424 (0.260-0.606)
NPV (95%CI)	0.957 (0.872-0.989)	0.956 (0.868-0.989)	0.985 (0.910-0.999)
Accuracy (95%CI)	0.782 (0.691-0.852)	0.762 (0.670-0.835)	0.802 (0.713-0.869)

AUC: Area under the curve; CI: Confidence interval; NPV: Negative predictive value; PPV: Positive predictive value.