Application of a 3D-printed ”fistula stent” in plugging enteroatmospheric fistula with open abdomen: A case report

Table 1 Open abdomen classification from the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

OA classification from the WSACS
Grade 1A	Clean without fixation
Grade 1B	Contaminated without fixation
Grade 1C	Enteric leak without fixation
Grade 2A	Clean with developing fixation
Grade 2B	Contaminated with developing fixation
Grade 2C	Enteric leak with developing fixation
Grade 3A	Clean with frozen abdomen
Grade 3B	Contaminated with frozen abdomen
Grade 4	Formed EAF with frozen abdomen

OA: Open abdomen; WSACS: World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome; EAF: Enteroatmospheric fistula.

Table 2 Patient’s previous surgeries

Timing	Diagnosis	Surgeries
Initial	Bowel obstruction	Enterolysis and omentum majus biopsy
4 wk later	Abdominal pain	Exploratory laparotomy and bypass operation for bowel obstruction
7 wk later	Hydrothorax	Bilateral thoracentesis
2 mo later	Fistula and sIAI	OA

OA: Open abdomen; sIAI: Severe intra-abdominal infection.