Multi-parameter gene expression profiling of peripheral blood for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Characteristics of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma and healthy control samples

Variable	Building model		Model validation
	HCC	Control	HCC	Control
Number of patients	103	54	52	34
Male	54	29	29	19
Female	49	25	23	15
Age (mean ± SD)	54 ± 12	49 ± 11	51 ± 14	52 ± 9
Tumor size (> 3 cm)	29	0	13	0
Tumor size (< 3 cm)	74	0	39	0
Number of nodules (Unilocular)	36	0	21	0
Number of nodules (Multilocular)	67	0	31	0
Cirrhosis	89	0	36	0
BCLC stage (T1)	27	0	19	0
BCLC stage (T2)	76	0	32	0

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Table 2 Diagnostic value of the four genes showing P-values less than 0.05

Gene	AUC	P value	95%CI for AUC		Cutoff	Sen	Spe
			Lower	Upper
HGF	0.620	0.014	0.532	0.708	0.102	0.408	0.926
ANXA1	0.697	< 0.001	0.614	0.780	0.919	0.728	0.593
SPAG9	0.761	< 0.001	0.681	0.842	0.477	0.942	0.481
PFN1	0.700	< 0.001	0.620	0.781	0.383	0.437	0.907

P < 0.05 means significant difference. AUC: Area under curve; Sen: Sensitivity; Spe: Specificity.

Table 3 Odds ratio of the five selected genes after logistic regression analysis

Gene	P	OR	95% CI for OR
			Lower	Upper
ANXA1	< 0.001	1.73E+09	1.67E+05	1.79E+13
FOS	0.012	4.80E-03	7.30E-05	3.16E-01
SPAG9	< 0.001	1.36E+14	3.19E+07	5.80E+20
CXCR4	< 0.001	6.44E-02	1.47E-02	2.81E-01
PFN1	< 0.001	1.37E+04	9.82E+01	1.91E+06

P < 0.05 means significant difference.