Anti-inflammatory intestinal activity of Combretum duarteanum Cambess. in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis model

Table 1 Effects of oral administration of Cd-EtOHE or Cd-HexP in acute phase of intestinal inflammation in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats

Group	Dose (mg/kg)	ULA (mm2)	Inhibition (%)	Lesion score	Weight/length (mg/cm)	Diarrhea (%)
Non-colitics	-	-	100		110 ± 7.7	0
Colitics	-	107 ± 38	-	6.0 (5-7)	148 ± 17f	100
Cd-EtOHE	31.25	79 ± 31	26	5.0 (3-7)	152 ± 19f	100
	62.5	46 ± 12b	57	4.0 (1-5)a	146 ± 19f	57
	125	19 ± 8c	82	3.0 (2-5)b	134 ± 5d	14b
	250	76 ± 23	29	6.0 (4-7)	152 ± 14f	86
Non-colitics	-	-	-	-	102 ± 14	0
Colitics	-	101 ± 45	-	7.0 (5-8)	154 ± 27f	87
Cd-HexP	31.25	52 ± 18b	49	5.0 (1-6)a	142 ± 20e	87
	62.5	21 ± 7c	79	5.0 (4-5)b	129 ± 20a	29a
	125	95 ± 33	7	6.0 (5-6)	154 ± 10f	71
	250	80 ± 12	22	5.0 (4-7)	155 ± 16f	86

Results expressed as mean ± SD or median (minimum-maximum) of the parameters analyzed (n = 5-8). For the parametric data, mean ± SD was used, with ANOVA and a posteriori Dunnett’s test. For the non-parametric data, median (minimum-maximum) was used, with Kruskal-Wallis test and a posteriori Dunn.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 and

^cP < 0.001 vs colitic group;

^dP < 0.05,

^eP < 0.01 and

^fP < 0.001 vs non-colitic group. Cd: Combretum duarteanum; EtOHE: Ethanolic extract; HexP: Hexane phase.

Table 2 Effects of oral administration of Cd-EtOHE or Cd-HexP in chronic phase with relapse of intestinal inflammation in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats

Group	Dose (mg/kg)	Lesion score	Weight/length (mg/cm)	Diarrhea (%)
Non-colitics	-		97 ± 9	0
Colitics	-	4.0 (3-6)	143 ± 14f	94
Cd-EtOHE	125	1.0 (1-4)a	132 ± 11f	56a
Cd-HexP	62.5	1.0 (1-4)b	122 ± 12be	56a

Results expressed as mean ± SD or median (minimum-maximum) of the parameters analyzed (n = 7-9). For the parametric data, mean ± SD was used, with ANOVA and a posteriori Dunnett’s test. For non-parametric data, median (minimum-maximum) was used, with Kruskal-Wallis test and a posteriori Dunn.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs colitic group;

^eP < 0.01 and

^fP < 0.001 vs non-colitic group. Cd: Combretum duarteanum; EtOHE: Ethanolic extract; HexP: Hexane phase.

Table 3 Effect of oral administration of Cd-EtOHE or Cd-HexP for 21 d on water and food consumption in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats

Group	Dose (mg/kg)	Water intake (mL)	Food intake (g)
Non-colitics	-	31 ± 4	22 ± 2
Colitics	-	28 ± 3e	19 ± 2e
Cd-EtOHE	125	30 ± 4	20 ± 3d
Cd-HexP	62.5	31 ± 2a	22 ± 3b

Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 7-9). One-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett's test,

^aP < 0.05 and

^bP < 0.01 vs colitic group;

^dP < 0.05 and

^eP < 0.01 vs non-colitic group. Cd: Combretum duarteanum; EtOHE: Ethanolic extract; HexP: Hexane phase.

Table 4 Effect of oral administration of Cd-EtOHE or Cd-HexP for 21 d on body weight on trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats

Group	Initial weight (g)	Final weight (g)	Average increase (g)
Non-colitics	202 ± 32	261 ± 35	51 ± 10
Colitics	189 ± 19	215 ± 21f	35 ± 12d
Cd-EtOHE	178 ± 13	230 ± 7	43 ± 6
Cd-HexP	184 ± 14	239 ± 17a	48 ± 10a

Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 7-9). One-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett's test,

^aP < 0.05 vs colitic group;

^dP < 0.05,

^fP < 0.001, vs non-colitic group. Cd: Combretum duarteanum; EtOHE: Ethanolic extract; HexP: Hexane phase.

Table 5 Effect of oral administration of Cd-EtOHE or Cd-HexP for 21 d on weight organs in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats

Group	Heart	Liver	Kidneys	Spleen
Non-colitics	4.0 ± 0.2	41 ± 1.5	8.6 ± 0.6	2.1 ± 0.2
Colitics	4.0 ± 0.5	43 ± 5.3	8.6 ± 1.0	2.8 ± 0.5d
Cd-EtOHE	4.0 ± 0.3	43 ± 3.1	8.6 ± 0.2	2.8 ± 0.4e
Cd-HexP	4.0 ± 0.3	44 ± 1.2	8.4 ± 0.5	2.4 ± 0.2

Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 7-9). One-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett's test,

^dP < 0.05 and

^eP < 0.01 vs non-colitic group. Cd: Combretum duarteanum; EtOHE: Ethanolic extract; HexP: Hexane phase.

Table 6 Effect of oral administration of Cd-EtOHE or Cd-HexP for 21 d on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and superoxide dismutase in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats

Group	Dose (mg/kg)	COX-2 (μm2)	PCNA (μm2)	SOD (μm2)
Non-colitics	-	230 (110-700)	1425 (60-7890)	400 (80-1.115)
Colitics	-	505 (100-1.450)d	5380 (850-15.960)f	165 (10-1.000)f
Cd-EtOHE	125	90 (10-2.590)c	1630 (90-14.790)c	400 (50-1.480)c
Cd-HexP	62.5	205 (20-790)c	1570 (250-9.500)c	435 (20-1.650)c

Results are expressed as median (minimum-maximum) of the analyzed parameters (n = 7-9). For nonparametric data, median (minimum-maximum) was used, with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s test a posteriori.

^cP < 0.001 vs colitic group;

^dP < 0.05 and

^fP < 0.001 vs non-colitic group. COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; PCNA: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; Cd: Combretum duarteanum; EtOHE: Ethanolic extract; HexP: Hexane phase.