Effect of liver cirrhosis on long-term outcomes after acute respiratory failure: A population-based study

doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2201

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Gastroenterol. Mar 28, 2017; 23(12): 2201-2208
Published online Mar 28, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2201

Table 1 Demographic information of LC^[Pos] and LC^[Neg] patients n (%)

Variables	LC^[Pos] patients(n = 5551)	LC^[Neg] patients(n = 11102)	P value
Gender			0.99
Male	3655 (65.84)	7311 (65.85)
Female	1896 (34.16)	3791 (34.15)
Age group (yr)			0.59
< 50	1259 (22.68)	2417 (21.77)
50-64	1441 (25.96)	2899 (26.11)
65-79	1914 (34.48)	3902 (35.15)
≥ 80	937 (16.88)	1884 (16.97)
Department			< 0.01^a
Surgical	542 (9.76)	1684 (15.17)
Medical	5009 (90.24)	9418 (84.83)
Number of organ failures			< 0.01^a
0	3404 (61.32)	8433 (75.96)
1	1791 (32.26)	2415 (21.75)
≥ 2	356 (6.41)	254 (2.29)
Comorbidity
DM	2048 (36.89)	4082 (36.77)	0.87
HTN	2454 (44.21)	4895 (44.09)	0.89
CAD	1077 (19.40)	2144 (19.31)	0.89
ESRD	627 (11.30)	1287 (11.59)	0.57
COPD	1133 (20.41)	2277 (20.51)	0.88
Cancer	1362 (24.54)	2739 (24.67)	0.85
Stroke	980 (17.65)	1944 (17.51)	0.82
CHF	784 (14.12)	1547 (13.93)	0.74
HBV	14 (0.25)	28 (0.25)	1.00
HCV	21 (0.38)	35 (0.32)	0.51
Cryptogenic LC^[Pos]	1732 (31.20)

^aP < 0.05. LC^[Pos]: Liver cirrhosis-positive; LC^[Neg]: Liver Cirrhosis-negative; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HTN: Hypertension; CAD: Cardiovascular disease; ESRD: End-stage renal disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive airway disease; CHF: Congestive heart failure; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 2 Adjusted hazard ratios for mortality in patients after their 1^st-ever mechanical ventilation n (%)

No. of deaths	LC^[Pos] patients(n = 5551)	LC^[Neg] patients(n = 11102)	Adjusted hazard ratio(95%CI)
Overall	3747 (67.50)	5902 (53.16)	1.38 (1.32-1.44)^a
Age (yr)
< 50	763 (13.75)	744 (6.70)	1.96 (1.76-2.18)^a
50-64	911 (16.41)	1369 (12.33)	1.40 (1.29-1.53)^a
65-79	1368 (24.64)	2458 (22.14)	1.24 (1.16-1.32)^a
≥ 80	705 (12.70)	1331 (11.99)	1.41 (1.04-1.25)^a
Gender
Male	2464 (44.39)	3770 (33.96)	1.42 (1.35-1.49)^a
Female	1283 (23.11)	2132 (19.20)	1.30 (1.21-1.39)^a
Department
Surgical	255 (4.59)	595 (5.36)	1.32 (1.14-1.54)^a
Medical	3492 (62.91)	5307 (47.80)	1.37 (1.31-1.43)^a
Number of organ failures
0	2074 (37.36)	4015 (36.16)	1.40 (1.33-1.47)^a
1	1379 (24.84)	1691 (15.23)	1.26 (1.17-1.35)^a
≥ 2	294 (5.30)	196 (1.77)	1.16 (0.96-1.41)
Comorbidity
DM	1374 (24.75)	2432 (21.91)	1.19 (1.12-1.28)^a
HTN	1583 (28.52)	2851 (25.68)	1.15 (1.08-1.22)^a
CAD	716 (12.90)	1276 (11.49)	1.17 (1.07-1.28)^a
ESRD	488 (8.79)	920 (8.29)	1.19 (1.06-1.33)^a
COPD	789 (14.21)	1459 (13.14)	1.15 (1.05-1.26)^a
Cancer	972 (17.51)	1668 (15.02)	1.31 (1.21-1.42)^a
Stroke	680 (12.25)	1261 (11.36)	1.16 (1.06-1.28)^a
CHF	563 (10.14)	1002 (9.03)	1.21 (1.09-1.34)^a
HBV	7 (0.13)	12 (0.11)	0.54 (0.11-2.57)
HCV	11 (0.20)	20 (0.18)	0.43 (0.14-1.28)

The model was adjusted for age, gender, length of hospital stay, length of 1^st mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit stay, treatment department, number of organ failures, and the listed comorbidities.

^aP < 0.05. LC^[Pos]: Liver cirrhosis-positive; LC^[Neg]: Liver cirrhosis-negative; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HTN: Hypertension; CAD: Cardiovascular disease; ESRD: End-stage renal disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF: Congestive heart failure; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 3 Hazard ratio of mortality risk for patients with non-cryptogenic liver cirrhosis, cryptogenic liver cirrhosis, and liver cirrhosis^[Neg] patients after 1^st-ever mechanical ventilation, stratified by gender and age group

	LC^[Neg]	Cryptogenic LC^[Pos]	Non-cryptogenic LC^[pos]
Overall	1.00 (ref.)	1.05 (0.98-1.12)	1.56 (1.49-1.63)^a
Patients with LC only		1.00 (ref.)	1.43 (1.32-1.54)^a
Males only
Overall	1.00 (ref.)	1.06 (0.97-1.16)	1.58 (1.49-1.67)^a
Patients with LC only		1.00 (ref.)	1.40 (1.27-1.55)^a
Females only
Overall	1.00 (ref.)	1.02 (0.92-1.13)	1.52 (1.40-1.64)^a
Patients with LC only		1.00 (ref.)	1.48 (1.31-1.67)^a
Age group: < 50
Overall	1.00 (ref.)	1.31 (1.07-1.60)^a	2.17 (1.94-2.43)^a
Patients with LC only		1.00 (ref.)	1.68 (1.36-2.08)^a
Age group: 50-64
Overall	1.00 (ref.)	0.96 (0.82-1.13)	1.59 (1.44-1.74)^a
Patients with LC only		1.00 (ref.)	1.70 (1.42-2.03)^a
Age group: 65-79
Overall	1.00 (ref.)	1.07 (0.96-1.18)	1.35 (1.25-1.46)^a
Patients with LC only		1.00 (ref.)	1.27 (1.13-1.43)^a
Age group: ≥ 80
Overall	1.00 (ref.)	0.92 (0.80-1.06)	1.31 (1.17-1.45)^a
Patients with LC only		1.00 (ref.)	1.40 (1.19-1.64)^a

The model was adjusted for age, gender, length of hospital stay, length of 1^st mechanical ventilation, length of Intensive Care Unit stay, treatment department, number of organ failures, and the listed comorbidities.

^aP < 0.05. (ref.): Reference value; LC^[Pos]: Liver cirrhosis-positive; LC^[Neg]: Liver cirrhosis-negative.

Citation: Lai CC, Ho CH, Cheng KC, Chao CM, Chen CM, Chou W. Effect of liver cirrhosis on long-term outcomes after acute respiratory failure: A population-based study. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(12): 2201-2208
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v23/i12/2201.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2201