Expression of CRM1 and CDK5 shows high prognostic accuracy for gastric cancer

Table 1 Relationships between CRM1 and CDK5 protein expression (immunohistochemical staining) in gastric cancer tissues and various clinicopathological variables

Variables	Total	CRM1 expression				CDK5 expression
		Low (n = 149)	High (n = 91)	χ2	P value	Low (n = 91)	High (n = 149)	χ2	P value
Gender
Male	178	110	68	0.024	0.877	61	117	3.893	0.0481
Female	62	39	23			30	32
Age at surgery (yr)
≤ 60	120	78	42	0.867	0.352	46	74	0.018	0.894
> 60	120	71	49			45	75
Size of primary tumor (cm)
≤ 5	99	51	48	7.995	0.0051	35	64	0.470	0.493
> 5	141	98	43			56	85
Location of primary tumor
Upper 1/3	56	33	23	5.290	0.152	22	34	1.718	0.633
Middle 1/3	59	39	20			21	38
Lower 1/3	103	59	44			37	66
More than 1/3	22	18	4			11	11
Borrmann type
Early stage	10	4	6	10.118	0.0061	5	5	0.774	0.679
I + II type	89	46	43			32	57
III + IV type	141	99	42			54	87
Degree of differentiation
Well/moderate	96	49	47	8.287	0.0041	30	66	3.021	0.082
Poor and not	144	100	44			61	83
Lauren’s classification
Intestinal type	46	33	13	2.254	0.176	25	21	6.527	0.0111
Diffuse type	294	116	78			66	128
Histological type
Papillary	7	4	3	2.958	0.398	3	4	7.052	0.070
Tubular	187	112	75			63	124
Mucinous	20	13	7			10	10
Signet-ring cell	26	20	6			15	11
Depth of invasion
T1	40	18	22	11.908	0.0081	15	25	2.145	0.543
T2	27	13	14			8	19
T3	62	38	24			21	41
T4	111	80	31			47	64
Lymph node metastasis
N0	63	29	34	10.781	0.0131	23	40	4.868	0.182
N1	40	29	11			11	29
N2	43	26	17			14	29
N3	94	65	29			43	51
TNM stage
I	44	18	26	15.074	0.0021	15	29	1.058	0.787
II	55	33	22			19	36
III	123	82	41			49	74
IV	18	16	2			8	10
Vessel invasion
Negative	230	141	89	1.423	0.233	88	142	0.278	0.598
Positive	10	8	2			3	7
Distant metastasis
Negative	222	133	89	5.940	0.0151	83	139	0.352	0.553
Positive	18	16	2			8	10

¹P < 0.05, statistical significance. CRM: Chromosomal maintenance; CDK: Cyclin-dependent kinase.

Table 2 Relationships between different CRM1 and CDK5 protein expression status in gastric cancer tissues and various clinicopathological variables

Variables	Total	CRM1 and CDK5 High expression	CRM1 or CDK5 Low expression	CRM1 and CDK5 Low expression	χ2	P value
Gender
Male	178	42	87	49	2.553	0.279
Female	62	21	27	14
Age at surgery(yr)
≤ 60	120	35	54	31	1.109	0.574
> 60	120	28	60	32
Size of primary tumor (cm)
≤ 5	99	22	42	35	7.275	0.0261
> 5	141	41	72	28
Location of primary tumor
Lower 1/3	56	18	19	19	10.848	0.093
Middle 1/3	59	14	32	13
Upper 1/3	103	22	52	29
More than 1/3	22	9	11	2
Borrmann type
Early stage	10	2	5	3	6.035	0.197
I + II type	89	20	38	31
III + IV type	141	41	71	29
Degree of differentiation
Well/moderate	96	18	43	35	10.027	0.0071
Poor and not	144	45	71	28
Lauren’s classification
Intestinal type	46	17	24	5	7.875	0.0191
Diffuse type	194	46	90	58
Histological type
Papillary	7	2	3	2	11.127	0.850
Tubular	187	44	87	56
Mucinous	20	5	13	2
Signet-ring cell	26	12	11	3
Depth of invasion
T1	40	8	17	15	10.996	0.088
T2	27	4	13	10
T3	62	16	27	19
T4	111	35	57	19
Lymph node metastasis
N0	63	15	22	26	15.845	0.0151
N1	40	9	22	9
N2	43	7	26	10
N3	94	32	44	18
TNM stage
I	44	8	17	19	13.543	0.0351
II	55	14	24	17
III	123	33	65	25
IV	18	8	8	2
Vessel invasion
Negative	230	62	105	63	7.757	0.0211
Positive	10	1	9	0
Distant metastasis
Negative	222	55	106	61	4.191	0.123
Positive	18	8	8	2

¹P < 0.05, statistical significance. CRM: Chromosomal maintenance; CDK: Cyclin-dependent kinase.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of the correlation between clinicopathological parameters and survival of patients with gastric cancer

Clinicopathological parameters	Cumulative survival rates (%)		Mean survival time (mo)	Log-rank test	P value
	3 yr	5 yr
Gender
Male	66.1	48.3	49.022	0.092	0.762
Female	56.6	48.0	49.324
Age at surgery (yr)
≤ 60	60.8	48.1	49.510	0.022	0.882
> 60	57.2	47.9	49.285
Size of primary tumor (cm)
≤ 5	84.8	73.4	66.451	44.251	0.0001
> 5	41.1	30.4	37.516
Location of primary tumor
Upper 1/3	51.8	38.7	44.354	28.888	0.0001
Middle 1/3	42.4	33.9	39.508
Lower 1/3	76.5	66.7	61.597
More than 1/3	31.8	22.7	30.500
Borrmann type
Early stage	90.0	90.0	72.186	41.770	0.0001
I + II type	81.9	71.5	64.835
III + IV type	42.6	30.4	38.102
Degree of differentiation
Well/moderate	70.8	60.3	57.397	8.644	0.0031
Poor and not	49.8	39.9	44.056
Lauren’s classification
Intestinal type	66.8	50.7	53.287	0.649	0.420
Diffuse type	56.2	47.4	48.471
Histological type
Papillary	57.1	57.1	50.857	1.026	0.752
Tubular	57.2	47.0	48.339
Mucinous	75.0	53.6	53.850
Signet-ring cell	60.2	48.2	51.110
Depth of invasion
T1	97.5	94.9	78.311	64.970	0.0001
T2	88.9	74.1	67.889
T3	59.2	46.0	48.764
T4	37.8	25.2	34.461
Lymph node metastasis
N0	88.9	80.8	70.120	59.862	0.0001
N1	69.5	69.5	61.079
N2	58.1	34.9	43.674
N3	33.0	23.3	32.911
TNM stage
I	97.7	95.4	78.211	71.616	0.0001
II	76.1	61.3	60.241
III	40.7	29.2	38.186
IV	27.8	16.7	22.518
Vessel invasion
Negative	60.8	49.3	50.492	8.264	0.0041
Positive	20.0	20.0	23.400
Distant metastasis
Negative	60.7	50.6	51.544	20.223	0.0001
Positive	16.7	16.7	22.518
CRM1 expression
Low	54.1	39.7	44.590	7.707	0.0051
High	67.0	61.5	56.540
CDK5 expression
Low	49.5	39.3	53.058	6.234	0.0131
High	63.6	53.4	43.438
CRM1/CDK5 expression
CRM1 and CDK5 Low	47.6	34.3	41.487	13.683	0.0011
CRM1 or CDK5 Low	55.9	45.2	46.873
CRM1 and CDK5 High	73.0	66.7	61.069

¹P < 0.05, statistical significance. CRM: Chromosomal maintenance; CDK: Cyclin-dependent kinase.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of the correlation between clinicopathological parameters and survival time of patients with gastric cancer

Covariates	Coefficient	Standard error	HR	95% CI for HR	P value
Tumor location (cardia vs others)	0.451	0.202	1.570	1.057-2.333	0.0261
Tumor size (≥ 5 vs < 5 cm)	0.723	0.232	2.060	1.309-3.243	0.0021
Vessel invasion (positive vs negative)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
TNM stage (stage III and IV vs I and II)	1.086	0.243	1.961	1.839-4.768	0.0001
CDK5 and CRM1 expression
(low/high vs high/high)	0.568	0.254	1.765	1.074-2.903	0.0251
(low/low vs high/high)	0.769	0.269	2.158	1.274-3.657	0.0041
Borrmann type (type early, I, II vs III, IV)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

¹P < 0.05, statistical significance. NA: Not available.