Effectiveness and safety of continuous wound infiltration for postoperative pain management after open gastrectomy

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the patients studied (mean ± SD)

Parameter	Group PCIA	Group EA	Group CWI	P value
Age (yr)	63.56 ± 10.21	62.40 ± 9.69	61.96 ± 12.72	0.831
BMI (kg/m2 )	23.37 ± 3.87	22.90 ± 3.46	22.60 ± 2.27	0.701
Sex
F/M, n/n	8/17	11/14	9/16	0.671
%/%	32/68	44/56	36/64
ASA status
I/II/III, n/n/n	6/17/2	6/14/5	4/18/3	0.657
%/%/%	24/68/8	24/56/20	16/72/12
Surgical approach
Subtotal/total, n/n	16/9	19/6	18/7	0.637
%/%	64/36	76/24	72/28
Ulcer/tumor, n/n	4/21	2/23	1/24	0.032
%/%	16/84	8/92	4/96
Blood loss (mL)	161.60 ± 58.50	167.60 ± 48.93	157.20 ± 60.66	0.807
Time of operation (min)	251.20 ± 63.02	268.40 ± 66.67	263.20 ± 52.10	0.594
Length of wound (cm)	16.48 ± 3.49	16.68 ± 3.53	15.48 ± 3.23	0.418

BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Early recovery, postoperative nausea and vomiting, patient’s satisfaction, and hospitalization length of the three groups (mean ± SD)

	Group PCIA	Group EA	Group CWI	P value
Extubation (min)	19.76 ± 5.75	15.48 ± 4.59b	16.56 ± 5.24a	0.014
Bowel recovery (d)	3.60 ± 1.04	2.80 ± 1.38a	2.96 ± 1.17a	0.048
PONV	1.96 ± 0.67	1.32 ± 0.56d	1.20 ± 0.41d	< 0.001
Satisfaction	2.88 ± 0.78	3.04 ± 0.84	3.24 ± 0.72	0.272
Hospitalization (d)	10.08 ± 3.15	7.96 ± 2.30b	8.20 ± 2.58a	0.013

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01,

^dP < 0.001 vs group patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). PONV: Postoperative nausea and vomiting; EA: Epidural analgesia; CWI: Continuous wound infiltration.