Prognostic significance of computed tomography-detected extramural vascular invasion in colon cancer

Table 1 Evaluation of extramural vascular invasion on computed tomography

CT score	CT status	Morphology features on CT	EMVI status
0	Definitely no	Absence of tumor extension beyond the colon wall/tumor extension through the colon wall but no adjacent vessels (mesenteric contralateral side)	Negative
1	No without high confidence	Stranding in proximity of vessels but no tumor density in vessels (mesenteric side)	Negative
2	Yes without high confidence	Similar tumor density in adjacent vessels; vessel expansion by tumor (mesenteric side)	Positive
3	Definitely yes	Similar tumor density in adjacent vessels; Irregular vessel contour by tumor (mesenteric side)	Positive

EMVI: Extramural vascular invasion; CT: Computed tomography.

Table 2 Progressive event rates in terms of computed tomography-detected extramural vascular invasion status in colon cancer (follow-up of one year)

ctEMVI status	whole cohort	T4 category patients	Stage III patients	Adjuvant chemotherapy
Positive	11.7% (7/60)	11.1% (6/54)	15.8% (6/38)	11.1% (5/45)
Negative	6.7% (9/134)	11.3% (9/80)	10.7% (6/56)	10.5% (8/76)
Odds ratio	1.8	1.0	1.6	1.1
P value	0.266	0.980	0.537	1.000

ctEMVI: Computed tomography-detected extramural vascular invasion.

Table 3 Progressive event rates in term of computed tomography-detected extramural vascular invasion status in colon cancer (follow-up until study endpoint)

ctEMVI status	Whole cohort	T4 category patients	Stage III patients	Adjuvant chemotherapy
Positive	43.3% (26/60)	42.6% (23/54)	57.9% (22/38)	48.9% (22/45)
Negative	14.9% (20/134)	18.8% (15/80)	21.4% (12/56)	19.7% (15/76)
Odds ratio	4.4	3.2	5	3.9
P value	< 0.001	0.003	< 0.001	0.001

ctEMVI: Computed tomography-detected extramural vascular invasion.

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analyses for disease-free survival of colon cancer

Variable	Group	Patient count	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
			HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Gender	Female	93
	Male	101	1.164	0.652-2.078	0.606	1.288	0.714-2.326	0.403
Age (yr)	< 65	74
	≥ 65	120	1.105	0.612-1.997	0.742	1.618	0.838-3.122	0.154
Location	Right	106
	Left	88	0.820	0.458-1.468	0.509	0.849	0.464-1.553	0.597
ctEMVI	Negative	134
	Positive	60	3.593	1.868-6.911	< 0.0001	2.151	1.118-4.138	0.023
pT	≤ T2	25
	T3	35
	T4a	105
	T4b	29	N/A	N/A	< 0.0001	1.876	1.161-3.029	0.011
pN	N0	100
	N1	58
	N2	36	N/A	N/A	< 0.0001	2.031	1.391-2.966	0.000
D	Well/moderate	136
	Poor	58	1.453	0.767-2.751	0.217	1.006	0.527-1.920	0.985

ctEMVI: Computed tomography-detected extramural vascular invasion; pT: Pathological tumor status; pN: Pathological lymph node status; D: Differentiation.