Selective intestinal decontamination for the prevention of early bacterial infections after liver transplantation

Table 1 Characteristics of randomized trials evaluating selective intestinal decontamination in liver transplant

Ref.	Type of study	SID regimen	Treatment perioperative (48 h)	Patients (n)		Patients with infection, n (%)		Period of observation posttransplantation (d)
				SID	Control	SID	Control
Bion et al[50], 1994	Randomized trial not placebo controlled	Tobramycin, amphotericin and polymyxin B for 5-15 d posttransplantation	Cefotaxime and ampicillin	21	31	3 (14.3)	12 (38.7)	15 d or until hospital discharge
Arnow et al[51], 1996	Randomized trial not placebo controlled	Gentamicin, polymyxin and nystatin orally for 21 d posttransplantation	Cefotaxime and ampicillin	36	33	14 (38.9)	14 (42.4)	28
Hellinger et al[53], 2002	Randomized placebo-controlled trial	Gentamicin, polymyxin E and nystatin 4 x/d for 21 d posttransplantation	Ceftizoxime	37	43	12 (32.4)	12 (28.9)	60
Zwaveling et al[28], 2002	Randomized placebo-controlled trial	Norfloxacin, colitin,tobramycin and amphotericin B	Cefotaxime and tobramycin	29	29	22 (75.9)	25 (86.2)	30

SID: Selective intestinal decontamination.

Table 2 Characteristics of observational studies evaluating selective intestinal decontamination in liver transplant

Ref.	Type of study	SID regimen	Other antibiotics	Patients (n)		Patients with infection, n (%)		Period of observation posttransplantation (d)
				SID	Control	SID	Control
Gorensek et al[47], 1993	Prospective nonrandomized study with historical control	Norfloxacin and nistatin. Oropharyngeal paste (polymyxin, gentamicin, nystatin)	Metronidazole and Third-generation cephalosporins for 5 d	17	34	1 (5.9)1	18 (52.9)1	30
San-Juan et al[54], 2011	Prospective cohort study	Fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin or ciprofloxacin) 7 d	First- or second- or third generation cephalosporins, or antipseudomonal beta-lactams or glycopeptides	415	595	110 (26.5)	156 (26.21)	30
Sun et al[49], 2012	Retrospective uncontrolled study	Rifaximin	Cefotaxime and ampicillin for 24 h	30	80	7 (23.3)	23 (28.7)	90
Katchman et al[55], 2014	Retrospective cohort study	Colitin, gentamicin and nystatin	Cefazolin and metronidazole for 4 d	111	37	47 (42.7)	18 (46.8)	30

¹Only fungal and gram-negative infections reported. SID: Selective intestinal decontamination.