Bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection: Risk factors and preventive methods

Table 1 Previous reports of bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection

Ref.	Organ	Year	Case No.	Post-ESD bleeding	Perforation	En block resection
Ichiro et al[13]	Stomach	2005	1033	6.2%	3.7%	98.0%
Isomoto et al[17]	Stomach	2009	589	1.8%	4.5%	94.9%
Chung et al[9]	Stomach	2009	1000	15.6%	1.2%	95.3%
Mannen et al[26]	Stomach	2009	478	8.2%	3.6%
Tsuji et al[14]	Stomach	2010	398	5.8%	-	-
Higashiyama et al[31]	Stomach	2011	924	3.0%	4.0%	-
Okada et al[27]	Stomach	2011	647	4.3%	-	-
Toyokawa et al[32]	Stomach	2012	1123	5.0%	2.4%	93.5%
Goto et al[18]	Stomach	2012	1814	5.5%	-	-
Lim et al[16]	Stomach	2012	1591	5.9%	-	-
Koh et al[15]	Stomach	2013	1166	5.3%	-	98.5%

ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Table 2 Previous reports of bleeding after esophageal or colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection

Ref.	Organ	Year	Case No.	Postoperative bleeding	Perforation	En block resection
Ono et al[25]	Esophagus	2009	107	0.0%	4.0%	100.0%
Isomoto et al[19]	Esophagus	2013	291	0.7%	0.0%	99.7%
Tsujii et al[20]	Esophagus	2015	373	0.0%	5.2%	96.7%
Saito et al[21]	Colon	2010	1111	1.5%	4.9%	88.0%
Niimi et al[79]	Colon	2010	310	1.6%	4.8%	90.3%
Oka et al[80]	Colon	2010	688	1.7%	3.3%	-
Toyonaga et al[22]	Colon	2012	1143	1.2%	1.4%	99.3%
Takeuchi et al[81]	Colon	2012	348	4.6%	2.3%	91.1%
Lee et al[24]	Colon	2013	1000	0.4%	5.3%	97.5%
Nakajima et al[23]	Colon	2013	816	2.2%	2.0%	94.5%