Current status of intragastric balloon for obesity treatment

Table 1 Types of intragastric balloons

Balloon	Material	Volume	Weight loss1	Note
Fluid-supplied
Orbera (Apollo Endosurgery)	Silicone	400-700 mL (saline)	16.9 ± 0.9 kg (at 6 mo)[58]	Most widely used and studied intragastric balloon
				Volume adjustment at the time of placement
Spatz Adjustable Balloon system (Spatz FGIA)	Silicone	400-600 mL (saline)	24 kg (at 12 mo)[64]	Totally adjustable balloon
				Approved for 12 mo of implantation
ReShape Duo® Integrated DualBalloon System (ReShape medical)	Silicone	900 mL (450 mL × 2) (saline)	25.1 ± 1.6 %EWL (at 6 mo)[62]	Two independent balloons connected to silicone shaft
The Elipse™ (Allurion Technologies)	N/A	450-550 mL (filling fluid)	2.4 kg (at 6 wk)[19]	Naturally swallowed, self-emptying, and naturally excreted
Air-supplied
Obalon® Gastric Balloon (Obalon Therapeutics)	N/A	250 mL (air, nitrogen)	5 kg (at 12 wk)[66]	Can be swallowed
				A second or a third balloon can be swallowed depending on patient’s progress
Heliosphere BAG® (Helioscopie)	Polyurethane and silicone	950 mL (air)	16 ± 7 kg (at 6 mo)[23]	Less than 30 g

¹Values extrapolated from representative reviews and clinical trials of each intervention. N/A: Not available; %EWL: Percentage of excess weight loss.

Table 2 Plasma ghrelin and leptin level after intragastric balloon treatment

Ref.	Balloon	Weight loss at 6 mo	Ghrelin (at 0 mo)	Ghrelin (after 3 mo)	Ghrelin (after 6 mo)	Ghrelin (after 12 mo)	Leptin (at 0 mo)	Leptin (after 3 mo)	Leptin (after 6 mo)	Leptin (after 12 mo)
Mathus-Vliegen et al[17]	Orbera	17.4 ± 7.8 kg	722.3 ± 151.5 pg/mL	791.5 ± 239.0 pg/mL	743.7 ± 115.2 pg/mL	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Fuller et al[48]	N/A	14.2%	414.1 pmol/L	448 pmol/L	452.4 pmol/L	379.4 pmol/L	23.4 ng/mL	18.5 ng/mL	11.7 ng/mL	19.7 ng/mL
Bužga et al[85]	MedSil®	18.4 ± 8.2 kg	240.5 ± 101.5 μg/L	378.1 ± 155.8 μg/L	335.8 ± 149.2 μg/L	N/A	30.4 ± 17.2 μg/L	18.2 ± 15.8 μg/L	14.9 ± 15.5 μg/L	N/A
1Nikolic et al[86]	Orbera	N/A	958.3 pg/mL	1346.2 pg/mL	1050.1 pg/mL	922.6 pg/mL	25.1 ng/mL	14.3 ng/mL	10.5 ng/mL	17.5 ng/mL
Konopko-Zubrzycka et al[39]	Orbera	17.1 ± 8.0 kg	621.9 ± 182.4 pg/mL	903.9 ± 237 pg/mL (1 mo)	N/A	N/A	61.3 ± 36.7 ng/mL	39.9 ± 17.5 ng/mL (1 mo)	N/A	N/A
Martinez-Brocca et al[79]	Orbera	12.7 ± 5.6 kg (4 mo)	934.4 ± 199.2 pg/mL	947.1 ± 195.1 pg/mL (1 mo)	N/A	N/A	31.9 ± 16.4 ng/mL	22.4 ± 15.1 ng/mL (1 mo)	N/A	N/A
Mion et al[78]	Orbera	8.7 kg	3.2 ± 0.4 ng/mL	N/A	1.9 ± 0.1 ng/mL	N/A	27.8 ± 3.7 ng/mL	N/A	18.7 ± 2.7 ng/mL	N/A

¹Data from patients with body mass indexes < 40 kg/m². Data are presented as mean ± SD or median. N/A: Not available.