Peng R, Zhao GX, Li J, Zhang Y, Shen XZ, Wang JY, Sun JY. Auphen and dibutyryl cAMP suppress growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating expression of aquaporins 3 and 9 in vivo. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(12): 3341-3354 [PMID: 27022216 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i12.3341]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Jian-Yong Sun, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China. sun_jianyong1986@163.com
Research Domain of This Article
Medical Informatics
Article-Type of This Article
Basic Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 28, 2016; 22(12): 3341-3354 Published online Mar 28, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i12.3341
Table 1 Clinicopathological data of the hepatocellular carcinoma cohort
Clinicopathologic parameters
Frequency
%
All cases
30
Gender
Male
23
76.7
Female
7
23.3
Age (yr)
< 50
5
16.7
> 50
25
83.3
Tumor size (cm)
< 5
8
26.7
> 5
22
73.3
Serum HBsAg
Positive
24
80.0
Negative
6
20.0
Serum AFP (ng/mL)
< 25
4
13.3
> 25
26
86.7
Cirrhosis
Presence
27
90.0
Absence
3
10.0
UICC stage
I + II
13
43.3
III + IV
17
56.7
Metastasis/Recurrence
Yes
18
60.0
No
12
40.0
Edmondson grade
Low (I/II)
10
33.3
High (III/IV)
20
66.7
Table 2 Primer sequences used for the amplification of different genes by quantitative PCR
Gene
Forward primer sequence
Reverse primer sequence
AQP3
5'-CACAGCCGGCATCTTTGCTA-3'
5'-TGGCCAGCACACACACGATA-3'
AQP9
5'-CTTAACAATTCACAAGGCACTT-3'
5'-TCTCAGCCAGCTACTGATCTTC-3'
AFP
5'-ACCCTGGTGTTGGCCAGTGC-3'
5'-GCAGCGCTACACCCTGAGCT-3'
β-actin
5'-TCACCCACACTGTGCCCATCTACGA-3'
5'-CAGCGGAACCGCTCATTGCCAATGG-3'
Table 3 Correlation of AQP3 and AQP9 expression levels (low and high) to clinico-pathological data
Factors
AQP3
OR (95%CI)
P value
AQP9
OR (95%CI)
P value
Low
High
Low
High
Gender
Male
4
19
0.526 (0.074-3.748)
0.603
16
1
7.111 (0.686-73.76)
0.138
Female
2
5
9
4
Age (yr)
< 50
1
4
1.000 (0.091-11.03)
1.000
3
2
0.205 (0.024-1.771)
0.183
> 50
5
20
22
3
Tumor size (cm)
< 5
3
5
3.800 (0.580-24.90)
0.300
6
2
0.474 (0.063-3.540)
0.589
> 5
3
19
19
3
Serum HBsAg
Positive
5
19
1.316 (0.124-13.98)
1.000
21
3
1.185 (0.166-8.475)
1.000
Negative
1
5
4
2
Serum AFP (ng/mL)
< 25
3
2
11.00 (1.271-95.23)
0.041
4
0
2.302 (0.107-49.54)
1.000
> 25
3
22
21
5
Cirrhosis
Presence
6
21
2.116 (0.096-46.56)
1.000
11
2
6.000 (0.780-46.17)
0.102
Absence
0
3
14
3
UICC stage
I + II
4
4
10.00 (1.341-74.55)
0.029
2
4
0.022 (0.002-0.300)
0.003
III + IV
2
20
23
1
Metastasis/recurrence
Yes
1
17
0.082 (0.008-0.839)
0.026
17
1
12.67 (1.177-136.4)
0.031
No
5
7
8
4
Edmondson grade
Low (I/II)
3
3
14.00 (1.741-112.6)
0.016
7
4
0.097 (0.009-1.029)
0.047
High (III/IV)
3
21
18
1
Table 4 Cox regression analysis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Variables
Univariate
P value
HR
95%CI
AQP3 expression (1 = low, 2 = high)
4.948
1.037-23.605
0.045
AQP9 expression (1 = low, 2 = high)
10.835
1.488-78.877
0.019
Gender (1 = Male, 2 = Female)
2.681
0.852-8.436
0.092
Age (1 < 50, 2 ≥ 50)
2.579
0.332-20.049
0.365
Tumor size (1 < 5 cm, 2 ≥ 5)
1.261
0.334-4.759
0.732
Serum HBsAg (1 = Positive, 2= Negative)
0.575
0.153-2.154
0.411
Serum AFP (1 < 25 ng/mL, 2 ≥ 25 ng/mL)
1.102
0.293-4.146
0.886
Cirrhosis (1 = Presence, 2 = Absence)
1.401
0.373-5.268
0.618
UICC stage (1 = I + II, 2 = III + IV)
0.115
0.027-0.485
0.003
Metastasis/Recurrence (1 = Yes, 2 = No)
0.228
0.065-0.804
0.021
Edmondson grade [1 = Low (I/II), 2 = High (III/IV)]
0.560
0.175-1.791
0.328
Citation: Peng R, Zhao GX, Li J, Zhang Y, Shen XZ, Wang JY, Sun JY. Auphen and dibutyryl cAMP suppress growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating expression of aquaporins 3 and 9 in vivo. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(12): 3341-3354