Mechanism of action of gypenosides on type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats

Table 1 Effects of gypenosides on serum alanine transferase and aspartate transaminase levels in high fat and sugar feed-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats

Group	ALT (IU/L)	AST (IU/L)
I	43.71 ± 10.32	50.63 ± 7.08
II	85.05 ± 12.85b	89.10 ± 25.93b
III	77.33 ± 12.06c	79.91 ± 17.05
IV	70.06 ± 7.84d	66.04 ± 17.29d
V	61.05 ± 13.22d	53.53 ± 9.18d

The serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transferase (ALT) were measured in the following groups: group I, normal control; group II, model; group III-V, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of GPs, respectively. The data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 12) in each group.

^bP < 0.01 vs group I,

^cP < 0.05 vs group II,

^dP < 0.01 vs group II.

Table 2 Effects of gypenosides on the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose and serum insulin in the blood of high fat and sugar feed-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats

Group	TC	TG	BG	Serum Insulin (μIU/mL)
	(mg/dL)	(mg/dL)	(mmol/L)
I	125. 67 ± 15.20	78.49 ± 9.52	4.67 ± 0.76	27.89 ± 5.27
II	163.74 ± 25.37b	122.53 ± 13.78b	5.48 ± 1.18b	122.07 ± 10.26b
III	148.65 ± 20.40	100.14 ± 11.26d	5.20 ± 1. 32	71.12 ± 8.61d
IV	139.72 ± 18.37c	93.65 ± 10.51d	5.05 ± 1.01	55.25 ± 6.32d
V	134.38 ± 16.39d	80.08 ± 10.05d	4.19 ± 0.47d	42.01 ± 5.04d

The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), blood glucose (BG) and serum insulin were measured in the following groups: group I, normal control; group II, model; group III-V, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of GPs, respectively. The data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 12) in each group.

^bP < 0.01 vs group I,

^cP < 0.05 vs group II,

^dP < 0.01 vs group II.