Prognostic implications of estrogen receptor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A expression in primary gallbladder carcinoma

Table 1 Comparison of expression of estrogen receptor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A between gallbladder carcinoma and cholelithiasis

Group	ER1 expression		P-value	VEGF-A expression		P-value
	High	Low		High	Low
GBC	47	31	0.002	51	27	0.004
CS	28	50		33	45

GBC: Gallbladder carcinoma; CS: Cholelithiasis; ER1: Estrogen receptor 1; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor A.

Table 2 Association between estrogen receptor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A expression and clinicopathological characteristics of gallbladder carcinoma

Characteristic	ER1 expression		P-value	VEGF-A expression		P-value
	High	Low		High	Low
Gender			0.022			0.099
Male	15	18		25	8
Female	32	13		26	19
Age (yr)			0.151			0.095
≤ 55	18	17		23	12
> 55	29	14		28	15
Gallstones			0.370			0.056
Present	32	24		33	23
Absent	15	7		18	4
TNM stage			0.177			0.781
II	17	16		21	12
III/IV	30	15		30	15
Differentiation			0.205			0.010
Well	16	15		15	16
Moderate/poor	31	16		36	11

ER1: Estrogen receptor 1; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor A; TNM: Tumor node metastasis.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of prognostic factors associated with overall survival in patients with gallbladder carcinoma

Risk factor	Survival time(month) (mean ± SE)	P-value (Log-rank test)
Gender		0.682
Male	23.24 ± 4.09
Female	21.97 ± 1.72
Age (yr)		0.015
≤ 55	26.34 ± 2.71
> 55	18.77 ± 1.71
Gallstones		0.068
Present	17.69 ± 2.06
Absent	23.96 ± 2.02
TNM stage		0.007
II	27.16 ± 2.77
III/IV	18.59 ± 1.74
Differentiation		0.685
Well	23.19 ± 2.94
Moderate/poor	21.65 ± 1.86
ER1 level		0.053
High	19.81 ± 1.79
Low	25.85 ± 2.86
VEGF-A level		0.155
High	20.35 ± 1.87
Low	25.65 ± 2.86
ER1 combined with VEGF-A		0.007
+/+	16.30 ± 1.87
+/-, -/+, -/-	24.97 ± 2.09

ER1: Estrogen receptor 1; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor A; TNM: Tumor node metastasis; +/+: High ER1 expression and high VEGF-A expression; +/-: High ER1 expression and low VEGF-A expression; -/+: Low ER1 expression and high VEGF-A expression; -/-: Low ER1 expression and low VEGF-A expression.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of factors associated with survival in patients with gallbladder carcinoma

Item	Hazard ratio	95% CI	P-value
Age, yr			0.076
≤ 55 vs > 55	0.615	0.359-1.053
TNM stage			0.031
III/IV vs II	1.781	1.054-3.011
ER1 combined with VEGF-A			0.042
+/+ vs +/-, -/+, -/-	1.773	1.021-3.080

ER1: Estrogen receptor 1; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor; TNM: Tumor node metastasis; +/+: High ER1 expression and high VEGF-A expression; +/-: High ER1 expression and low VEGF-A expression; -/+: Low ER1 expression and high VEGF-A expression; -/-: Low ER1 expression and low VEGF-A expression.