Optimal duration of the early and late recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy

Table 1 Results of the univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors

	Total (n)	5-yr OS after initial recurrence	MST (mo)	Univariate analysis P	Multivariate analysis
					Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P
Age (yr)				0.726
< 60	115	29.9%	30.6
≥ 60	137	24.1%	32.3
Sex				0.464
Male	204	26.3%	30.6
Female	48	32.7%	38.1
Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min				0.023		0.021
< 10%	58	47.4%	41.1		1
≥ 10%	194	21.3%	28.4		1.680 (1.081, 2.613)
Underlying liver disease				0.017		0.048
Other	110	37.3%	39.7		1
Cirrhosis	142	20.0%	27.4		1.422 (1.003, 2.017)
Alpha-fetoprotein (ng/mL)				0.010
< 100	163	29.4%	35.8
≥ 100	89	23.1%	21.3
Type of resection				0.561
Non-anatomical resection	52	17.5%	33.4
Anatomical resection	200	28.5%	28.5
Number of tumors				0.009		0.021
Single	177	31.7%	37.6		1
Multiple	75	17.0%	21.6		1.530 (1.066, 2.196)
Growth pattern				0.001		0.008
Expanding	229	28.8%	33.9		1
Infiltrating	23	12.4%	14.3		1.963 (1.191, 3.234)
Histological differentiation				0.001
Poorly differentiated	27	10.6%	11.1
Others	225	28.7%	35.7
Capsule				0.242
Absent	54	13.1%	25.4
Present	198	31.5%	33.4
Serosal invasion				0.905
Negative	218	26.2%	33.3
Positive	34	31.7%	21.6
Microvascular invasion				0.012
Absent	185	27.0%	35.7
Present	67	26.8%	14.4
Surgical margin				0.839
Negative	232	26.7%	28.7
Positive	20	34.3%	48.7
Tumor size (mm)				0.182
< 50	187	25.0%	26.9
≥ 50	65	20.3%	16.6
Recurrence period				< 0.001		0.001
Early group (< 17 mo)	107	15.4%	19.2		1.735 (1.237, 2.432)
Late group (≥ 17 mo)	145	36.3%	41.1		1

The results of the univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors associated with overall survival after initial recurrence in the 252 patients who developed recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy for HCC. MST: Median survival time.

Table 2 Results of the univariate and multivariate analyses of the clinicopathologic factors

	Total (n)	Early group (n = 107)	Others (n = 297)	Univariate analysis P	Multivariate analysis
					RR (95%CI)	P
Age (yr)				0.290
< 60	175	51	124
≥ 60	229	56	173
Sex				0.933
Male	316	84	232
Female	88	23	65
Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min				0.193
< 10%	110	24	86
≥ 10%	294	83	211
Underlying liver disease				0.225
Other	194	46	148
Cirrhosis	210	61	149
Alpha-fetoprotein (ng/mL)				< 0.001		< 0.001
< 100	280	52	228		1
≥ 100	124	55	69		2.939 (1.788, 4.830)
Number of tumors				< 0.001		< 0.001
Single	306	63	243		1
Multiple	98	44	54		2.633 (1.548, 4.445)
Growth pattern				0.002
Expanding	372	91	281
Infiltrating	32	16	16
Capsule				0.230
Absent	82	26	56
Present	322	81	241
Serosal invasion				0.006		0.031
Negative	358	87	271		1
Positive	46	20	26		2.110 (1.069, 4.164)
Microvascular invasion				< 0.001		0.012
Absent	312	64	248		1
Present	92	43	49		2.001 (1.163, 3.441)
Surgical margin				0.081
Negative	374	95	279
Positive	30	12	18
Tumor size (mm)				0.010
< 50	312	73	239
≥ 50	92	34	58

The results of the univariate and multivariate analyses of the clinicopathologic factors contributing to early recurrence after the initial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Table 3 Results of the univariate and multivariate analyses of the clinicopathologic factors

	Total (n)	Late group (n = 145)	Without recurrence (n = 91)	Univariate analysis P	Multivariate analysis
					RR (95%CI)	P
Age (yr)				0.125
< 60	95	64	31
≥ 60	141	81	60
Sex				0.194
Male	189	120	69
Female	47	25	22
Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min				0.008
< 10%	70	34	36
≥ 10%	166	111	55
Underlying liver disease				0.002		0.002
Other	123	64	59		1
Cirrhosis	113	81	32		2.333 (1.359, 4.008)
Alpha-fetoprotein (ng/mL)				0.199
< 100	187	111	76
≥ 100	49	34	15
Number of tumors				0.069
Single	194	114	80
Multiple	42	31	11
Growth pattern				0.878
Expanding	225	138	87
Infiltrating	11	7	4
Capsule				0.905
Absent	45	28	17
Present	191	117	74
Serosal invasion				0.411
Negative	216	131	85
Positive	20	14	6
Microvascular invasion				0.641
Absent	199	121	78
Present	37	24	13
Surgical margin				0.703
Negative	224	137	87
Positive	12	8	4
Tumor size (mm)				0.113
< 50	193	114	79
≥ 50	43	31	12

The results of the univariate and multivariate analyses of the clinicopathologic factors contributing to late recurrence in the 236 patients who were confirmed to be recurrence-free at 17 mo after the initial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.