Risk factors for adverse in-hospital outcomes in acute colonic diverticular hemorrhage

Table 1 Baseline characteristics (n = 153) n (%)

Age (yr), median (IQR)	72 (60-79)
Age > 70 yr	82 (54)
Sex, M/F	102 (67)/51 (33)
Current smoker	41 (27)
Current drinker	108 (71)
NSAIDs	41 (27)
> 1 mo administration	27 (18)
Low-dose aspirin ( ≤ 100 mg)	38 (25)
> 1 mo administration	38 (25)
Non-aspirin antiplatelets	29 (19)
> 1 mo administration	28 (18)
Sarpogrelate hydrochloride	2 (0.3)
Ethyl icosapentate	1 (0.7)
Dilazep	1 (0.7)
Ticlopidine	6 (3.9)
Clopidogrel	10 (6.5)
Cilostazol	10 (6.5)
Limaprost alfadex	2 (5.6)
Dipyridamole	1 (0.7)
Limaprost	1 (0.7)
Warfarin	10 (7.0)
> 1 m administration	8 (5.0)
Acetaminophen	2 (1.3)
> 1 mo administration	1 (0.7)
Corticosteroids	5 (3.3)
> 1 mo administration	5 (3.3)
Hypertension	98 (64)
Diabetes mellitus	31 (20)
Dyslipidemia	32 (21)
Cerebro-cardio vascular disease	40 (26)
Chronic liver disease	6 (3.9)
Chronic kidney disease	13 (8.5)

IQR: Interquartile range; NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Table 2 Clinical outcomes of patients with colonic diverticular bleeding (n = 153) n (%)

Transfusion within 24 h admission	34 (22)
Units of transfused per patient within 24 h admission, Median (IQR)1	4 (2-6)
Total transfusion	40 (26)
Total units of transfused per patient, median (IQR)1	6 (4-8)
Further bleeding	6 (3.9)
Length of hospital stay, median days (IQR)	8 (6-11)
Prolonged hospital stay (≥ 8 d)	99 (65)

¹Analysis of patients who received a transfusion. IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 3 Risk factors for transfusion need within 24 h of admission (n = 153)

	None/transfusion within 24 h (n = 119/34)	Crude OR(95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR1(95%CI)	P value
Age > 70 yr	58 (49)/24 (71)	2.5 (1.1-5.7)	0.03
Female	34 (29)/17 (50)	2.5 (1.1-5.5)	0.02	2.7 (1.2-6.2)	0.02
Current smoker	28 (24)/13 (38)	2.0 (0.89-4.5)	0.09
Current drinker	80 (67)/28 (82)	2.3 (0.87-5.9)	0.09
NSAIDs	32 (27)/9 (26)	0.98 (0.41-2.3)	0.96
Low-dose aspirin	24 (20)/14 (41)	2.8 (1.2-6.3)	0.01
Non-aspirin antiplatelets	20 (17)/9 (26)	1.8 (0.72-4.4)	0.21
Warfarin	4 (3.4)/6 (18)	6.2 (1.6-23)	< 0.01	4.6 (1.8-29)	< 0.01
Acetaminophen	2 (1.7)/0	1.5 (0-19)2	1.0
Corticosteroids	5 (4.2)/0	0.51 (0-3.8)2	0.56
Hypertension	73 (61)/25 (74)	1.8 (0.75-4.1)	0.20
Diabetes mellitus	25 (21)/6 (18)	0.81 (0.30-2.2)	0.67
Dyslipidemia	25 (21)/7 (21)	0.97 (0.38-2.5)	0.96
Cerebro-cardiovascular disease	25 (21)/15 (44)	3.0 (1.3-6.7)	< 0.01
Chronic liver disease	6 (5.0)/0	0.41 (0-3.0)2	0.43
Chronic kidney disease	7 (5.9)/6 (18)	3.4 (1.1-11)	0.04	3.6 (1.0-12)	0.04

¹Multiple logistic regression analysis, using the backward elimination method, of factors found to be significant (P < 0.05) on univariate analysis;

²Analysis by exact logistic regression. NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Table 4 Risk factors for transfusion need during hospital stay (n = 153)

	None/Transfusion in hospital (n = 119/34)	Crude OR(95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR1(95%CI)	P value
Age > 70 yr	53 (47)/29 (73)	3.0 (1.4-6.6)	< 0.01
Female	32 (28)/19 (48)	2.3 (1.1-4.8)	0.03	2.5 (1.1-5.6)	0.02
Current smoker	27 (24)/14 (35)	1.7 (0.79-3.7)	0.18
Current drinker	76 (67)/32 (80)	1.9 (0.82-4.6)	0.13
NSAIDs	29 (26)/12 (30)	1.2 (0.56-2.8)	0.6
Low-dose aspirin	23 (20)/15 (38)	2.3 (1.1-5.2)	0.03
Non-aspirin antiplatelets	18 (16)/11 (28)	2.0 (0.85-4.7)	0.11
Warfarin	3 (2.7)/7 (18)	7.8 (1.9-32)	< 0.01	9.3 (2.2-40)	< 0.01
Acetaminophen	2 (1.8)/0	1.2 (0-15)2	1.0
Corticosteroids	3 (2.7)/2 (5.0)	1.9 (0.31-12)	0.48
Hypertension	68 (60)/30 (75)	2.0 (0.88-4.5)	0.10
Diabetes mellitus	24 (21)/7 (18)	0.79 (0.31-2.0)	0.61
Dyslipidemia	23 (20)/9 (23)	1.1 (0.47-2.7)	0.77
Cerebro-cardiovascular disease	24 (21)/16 (40)	2.5 (1.1-5.4)	0.02
Chronic liver disease	5 (4.4)/1 (2.5)	0.55 (0.06-4.9)	0.6
Chronic kidney disease	5 (4.4)/8 (20)	5.4 (1.7-18)	< 0.01	5.9 (1.7-20)	< 0.01

¹Multiple logistic regression analysis, using the backward elimination method, of factors found to be significant (P < 0.05) on univariate analysis;

²Analysis by exact logistic regression. NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Table 5 Risk factors for prolonged hospital stay (n = 153)

	None/prolonged hospitalization (n = 119/34)	Crude OR(95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR1(95%CI)	P value
Age > 70 yr	22 (41)/60 (61)	2.2 (1.1-4.4)	0.02	2.1 (1.0-4.2)	0.04
Female	16 (30)/35 (35)	1.3 (0.64-2.7)	0.47
Current smoker	19 (35)/22 (22)	0.53 (0.25-1.1)	0.09
Current drinker	37 (69)/71 (71)	1.2 (0.57-2.4)	0.68
NSAIDs	8 (15)/33 (33)	2.9 (1.2-6.8)	0.02	2.7 (1.1-6.4)	0.03
Low-dose aspirin	11 (20)/27 (27)	1.5 (0.66-3.3)	0.35
Non-aspirin antiplatelets	14 (26)/15 (15)	0.51 (0.22-1.2)	0.11
Warfarin	2 (3.7)/8 (8.1)	2.3 (0.47-11)	0.31
Acetaminophen	1 (1.9)/1(1.0)	0.54 (0.03-8.8)	0.67
Corticosteroids	2 (3.7)/3 (3.0)	0.81 (0.13-5.0)	0.82
Hypertension	29 (54)/69 (70)	2.0 (1.0-3.9)	0.05
Diabetes mellitus	10 (19)/21 (21)	1.2 (0.51-2.7)	0.69
Dyslipidemia	15 (28)/17 (17)	0.54 (0.24-1.2)	0.13
Cerebro-cardiovascular disease	11 (20)/29 (29)	1.6 (0.73-3.6)	0.23
Chronic liver disease	2 (3.7)/4 (4.0)	1.1 (0.19-6.2)	0.92
Chronic kidney disease	3 (5.6)/10 (10)	1.9 (0.50-7.3)	0.34

¹Multiple logistic regression analysis, using the backward elimination method, of factors found to be significant (P < 0.05) on univariate analysis.