Novel 3-dimensional virtual hepatectomy simulation combined with real-time deformation

Table 1 Cases of the virtual hepatectomy using Liversim

Cases	Age (yr)	Gender	Diagnosis	Surgery	Operation time (min)	Bleeding (mL)	Postoperative stay (d)
1	68	M	HCC	Lateral sectionectomy	339	320	13
2	56	M	Metastatic tumor(rectal cancer)	Extended left hepatectomy	406	507	9
3	62	M	Metastatic tumor(colon cancer)	Right hepatectomy	374	1200	15
4	60	M	Metastatic tumor(gastric cancer)	Posterior sectionectomy	397	780	21
5	77	M	HCC	Left hepatectomy	290	370	13
6	60	M	HCC	Anterior sectionectomy	497	1600	15
7	69	M	ICC	Segmentectomy (S6)	232	235	9
8	50	M	Metastatic tumor(colon cancer)	Right hepatectomy	454	470	10
9	71	F	ICC	Extended left hepatectomy	436	1570	9
10	55	M	HCC	Posterior sectionectomy	342	130	19
11	56	F	HCC	Right hepatectomy	481	460	12
Median	60				397	470	13

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; ICC: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; M: Male; F: Female.

Table 2 Characteristics of the patients n (%)

Characteristics	VINCENT (n = 99)	Liversim (n = 11)
Age (yr)
Median (range)	65 (21-84)	60 (50-77)
Gender
Male	78 (79)	9 (82)
Female	21 (21)	2 (18)
Diagnosis
HCC	61 (62)	5 (45)
ICC	14 (14)	2 (18)
Metastasis	24 (24)	4 (36)
Procedure
Hemihepatectomy or larger	24 (24)	6 (55)
Sectionectomy	27 (27)	4 (36)
Segmentectomy or smaller	48 (48)	1 (9)

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; ICC: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Table 3 Perioperative outcomes

Perioperative outcomes (median)	VINCENT (n = 99)	Liversim (n = 11)	P value
Operation time (min)	304 (110-846)	397 (232-497)	0.30
Blood loss (mL)	510 (18-5120)	470 (130-1600)	0.44
Postoperative stay (d)	12 (6-100)	13 (9-21)	0.36