Gene polymorphisms associated with functional dyspepsia

Table 1 Genetic association studies in functional dyspepsia involving gene polymorphisms related to gastrointestinal motility or sensation

Ref.	Study origin	FD subjects/controls, n	Studied gene polymorphism	Disease association
Holtmann et al[39]	United States	STUDY A: 67/259	GNB3 C825T	FD
		STUDY B: 56/112	(CC)
Camilleri et al[40]	United States	41/47	GNB3 C825T	Meal unrelated dyspepsia
			(CC) or (TT)
van Lelyveld et al[42]	The Netherlands	112/336	GNB3 C825T	FD
			825T
Tahara et al[41]	Japan	89/94	GNB3 C825T	FD in H. pylori (-)
			825TT
Oshima et al[43]	Japan	68/761	GNB3 C825T	EPS
			825TT
Shimpuku et al[44]	Japan	74/64	GNB3 C825T	PDS with impaired gastric emptying and feeling of hunger in FD
			825CC
Park et al[45]	South Korea	102/148	GNB3 C825T	FD in children
			825CC
Hwang et al[46]	South Korea	112/269	GNB3 C825T	No association
Camilleri et al[40]	United States	41/47	SERT-P(SLC6A4)	No association
van Lelyveld et al[42]	The Netherlands	112/336	SERT-P(SLC6A4)	No association
Toyoshima et al[62]	Japan	53/646	SLC6A45-HTTLPRL allele	PDS
Arisawa et al[63]	Japan	223/172	SERT-P(SLC6A4)	No association
Park et al[45]	South Korea	102/148	SERT-P(SLC6A4)	No association
Hwang et al[46]	South Korea	112/269	SLC6A45-HTTLPR (S/S)	Inverse association with EPS in H. pylori (+)
Arisawa et al[63]	Japan	223/172	Pri-microRNA-325	FD
				Interacts with SLC6A4 in increasing susceptibility to FD, especially in H. pylori (-)
Camilleri et al[40]	United States	41/47	5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5HT2C	No association
van Lelyveld et al[42]	The Netherlands	112/336	HTR3A C178T	No association
Mujakovic et al[69]		NA	HTR3Ac-42C>T	Severe FD
			HTR3Ac-42T
Tahara et al[68]	Japan	91/93	5HTR2A C 102T	No association
Camilleri et al[40]	United States	41/47	a2a, a2c adrenoreceptor	No association
Hwang et al[46]	South Korea	112/269	a2a	No association
Camilleri et al[40]	United States	41/47	CCK1, CCK promoter	No association
Hwang et al[46]	South Korea	112/269	CCK1R intron 779 T>C	No association
Tahara et al[73]	Japan	124/119	CCK-1 intron 1	PDS in males
			779T
Tahara et al[107]	Japan	109/98	TRPV1 G315C	Inverse association with FD, EPS, PDS, H. pylori (+)
			315CC
Hwang et al[46]	South Korea	112/269	TRPV1 G945C	Inverse association with FD, PDS, EPS especially in H. pylori (+)
			CC
Arisawa et al[108]	Japan	297/345	SCN10A	Inverse association with FD
			3218CC
Arisawa et al[108]	Japan	297/345	SCN10A	Inverse association with FD, EPS, PDS especially in H. pylori (-)
			2884A>G
Arisawa et al[108]	Japan	297/345	SCN10A	Inverse association with FD,
			3275T>5	EPS, PDS especially in H. pylori (-)
Tahara et al[100]	Japan	91/94	COMT	FD

FD: Functional dyspepsia; EPS: Epigastric pain syndrome; PDS: Postprandial distress syndrome.

Table 2 Genetic association studies in functional dyspepsia involving gene polymorphisms related to inflammation or immune response

Ref.	Study origin	FD subjects/controls, n	Studied gene polymorphism	Disease association
Tahara et al[78]	Japan	108/99	CD 14	No association
Arisawa et al[82]	Japan	90/188	MIF G173C	EPS, especially in H. pylori (+)
			173C
Arisawa et al[82]	Japan	90/188	IL-17A	No association
Arisawa et al[82]	Japan	90/188	IL17F	EPS in H. pylori (+)
			7488T
Tahara et al[86]	Japan	134/112	RANTES promoter C-28G	Reduced risk for PDS, especially in H. pylori (+)
			G carrier
Tahara et al[94]	Japan	111/106	TLR2	Inverse association with FD and PDS in H. pylori (+)
			-196 to -174
Tahara et al[94]	Japan	111/106	MBL2	No association
Tahara et al[95]	Japan	89/95	C242T p22PHOX	Inversely related to FD in H. pylori (+)
Arisawa et al[96]	Japan	87/185	COX-1	EPS in females
Park et al[99]	South Korea	89/180	NOS	FD
			T allele

FD: Functional dyspepsia; EPS: Epigastric pain syndrome; PDS: Postprandial distress syndrome.