Efficacy of poly-unsaturated fatty acid therapy on patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics evaluation of all participants

Variables	Total	Control	PUFA	P value
n	78	39	39
Age (yr)	51.9 ± 7.8	50.4 ± 7.2	52.6 ± 6.6	0.306
Male, n (%)	70 (89.7)	36 (92.3)	34 (87.2)	0.178
BMI (kg/m2)	27.9 ± 1.6	27.2 ± 1.3	28.0 ± 1.4	0.225
Smoking, n (%)	45 (57.7)	22 (56.4)	23 (59.0)	0.154
Family history, n (%)	3 (3.8)	1 (2.6)	2 (5.1)	0.237
ALT (U/L)	89.9 ± 10.4	91.3 ± 10.2	89.2 ± 12.4	0.313
AST (U/L)	82.4 ± 11.6	83.5 ± 8.9	82.0 ± 9.6	0.196
Bilirubin, total (md/dL)	1.2 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.4	0.354
Bilirubin, direct (md/dL)	0.8 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.4	0.366
FBG (mmol/L)	6.1 ± 0.3	6.1 ± 0.2	6.1 ± 0.5	0.117
TG (mmol/L)	2.6 ± 0.4	2.6 ± 0.3	2.5 ± 0.3	0.252
TC (mmol/L)	5.6 ± 0.7	5.5 ± 0.3	5.6 ± 0.4	0.408
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.9 ± 0.7	3.9 ± 0.4	3.9 ± 0.3	0.387
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.1 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.2	0.163
CRP (mg/L)	10.4 ± 1.3	10.6 ± 1.1	10.0 ± 1.5	0.204
MDA (nmol/mL)	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.2	0.339
Type IV collagen (ng/mL)	4.9 ± 0.5	4.8 ± 0.6	4.9 ± 0.2	0.286
P-III-P (U/mL)	0.9 ± 0.3	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.4	0.350
Weekly exercise time (min)	60.3 ± 7.3	61.2 ± 5.6	60.1 ± 4.6	0.313

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; PUFA: Poly-unsaturated fatty acid; MDA: Malondialdehyde; LDL-C: Lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; CRP: C-reactive protein; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol.

Table 2 Comparison of parameters 6 mo later

Variables	Controlled	PUFA	P value
n	39	39
BMI (kg/m2)	26.4 ± 1.0	25.8 ± 1.2	0.065
Smoking, n (%)	15 (38.5)	14 (35.9)	0.278
ALT (U/L)	80.4 ± 7.6	67.8 ± 5.3	< 0.01
AST (U/L)	75.6 ± 5.8	60.3 ± 6.8	< 0.01
Bilirubin, total (md/dL)	0.8 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.2	0.343
Bilirubin, direct (md/dL)	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.2	0.338
FBG (mmol/L)	5.9 ± 0.2	5.9 ± 0.3	0.285
TG (mmol/L)	2.4 ± 0.4	1.8 ± 0.3	0.015
TC (mmol/L)	5.2 ± 0.6	4.7 ± 0.3	0.040
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.5 ± 0.5	3.1 ± 0.6	0.062
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.1 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.4	0.105
CRP (mg/L)	9.2 ± 0.8	7.6 ± 0.4	0.045
MDA (nmol/mL)	0.6 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.2	0.048
Type IV collagen (ng/mL)	4.6 ± 0.7	3.5 ± 0.5	0.023
P-III-P (U/mL)	0.8 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.3	0.039
Weekly exercise time (min)	107.6 ± 12.3	109.5 ± 10.4	0.272

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartase aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; PUFA: Poly-unsaturated fatty acid; MDA: Malondialdehyde; LDL-C: Lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; CRP: C-reactive protein; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol.

Table 3 Histological evaluation at initial evaluation and 6 mo later

Variables	Controlled	PUFA	P value
At the initial evaluation
Steatosis grade	1.8 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.2	0.355
Necro-inflammatory grade	1.4 ± 0.2	1.4 ± 0.1	0.268
Fibrosis stage	1.7 ± 0.2	1.7 ± 0.1	0.309
Ballooning score	1.6 ± 0.3	1.6 ± 0.2	0.227
Six months later
Steatosis grade	1.8 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.2	0.032
Necro-inflammatory grade	1.5 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	0.017
Fibrosis stage	1.6 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.2	0.020
Ballooning score	1.6 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.2	0.015

PUFA: Poly-unsaturated fatty acid.